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Today, I will talk to you about the introduction to the basic concepts of linux, which may not be well understood by many people. in order to make you understand better, the editor has summarized the following contents for you. I hope you can get something according to this article.

Here are a few concepts.

1. What is linux?

2. GNU Project and Free Software Foundation

3. Linux distribution

What is linux?

As you may already know, Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds of the University of Helsinki. Linux is a Unix-like kernel implementation, which is the underlying core of an operating system. In a sense, Linux can be inspired by Unix, so Linux programs are very similar to Unix programs, even most of the system API is the same. in fact, most Unix programs can be compiled and run on Linux.

Linux is also open source code that can be used, modified, and released freely. And now most of the processors on the market are supported, and they are widely used.

GNU Project and Free Software Foundation

Linux has been developed and widely used, thanks to the contributions of countless people in the open source community.

GUN GUN is an acronym for GNU's Not Unix and becomes the General Public license (GPL). Although you may have to pay a fee to obtain the software, you can then use them at will, usually in the form of source code.

The Free Software Foundation (Free Software Foundation) was founded by Richard Stallman, the developer of GNU Emacs, one of the most famous text editing software on Unix and other systems. He said he was an advocate of the free software concept and launched the GNU project, which aims to create an operating system and development environment that is compatible with Unix systems but is not subject to private ownership of Unix names and source code. One day, GNU may deal with hardware and manage running programs in a completely different way than Unix, but he will still support Unix-type applications.

The GNU project has provided many replicas of applications on Unix systems. All of these programs, GNU software, are distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public license (GPL). You can find a copy of the license on http://www.gnu.org. This license describes copyleft (which is the irony of copyright in English). The purpose of Copyleft is to prevent anyone from imposing restrictions on the use of only software. Here are some major application software projects:

GCC:GNU compiler set, including GNU C compiler

The compiler of Glossary, which is part of the GCC, is the compiler of the Gateway

GDB: debugger at the source code level

A free version of the GNU make:Unix make command

* * Bison:** Unix yacc compatible parser generator

* * Bash:** Command interpreter (shell)

* * GNU Emacs:** text editor and environment

Many other software packages are also developed and distributed in accordance with the principles of free software and GPL terms, including spreadsheets, source code control tools, compilers, interpreters, etc.

With so much free software available now, coupled with the linux kernel, we can say that the goal of creating a GNU-only Unix-like system has been achieved through the Linux system. Recognizing the contribution made by GNU software, many Linux systems are now commonly referred to as GNU/Linux.

Linux distribution

The Linux system we often talk about is basically made up of the following parts (here is the simplest necessary part):

In fact, the distribution is much more than these things, will add a lot of software, such as the most basic desktop, as well as office software and so on.

The common Linux distributions are as follows:

Ubuntu

RedHat

Debian

CentOS

Fedora

Red Flag Linux (domestic)

DeepIn (made in China)

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