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This article mainly introduces the meaning of version control in the computer network, the article is very detailed, has a certain reference value, interested friends must read it!

Version control refers to the management of changes in all kinds of program codes, configuration files and description documents in the process of software development. it is one of the core ideas of software configuration management.

Version control refers to the management of changes in all kinds of program codes, configuration files and description documents in the process of software development. it is one of the core ideas of software configuration management.

Brief description:

The main function of version control is to track changes to files. It faithfully records information such as when and who changed what contents of the file. Every time a file changes, the version number of the file will be increased. In addition to recording version changes, another important feature of version control is parallel development. Software development is often multi-person collaborative work, version control can effectively solve the problems of version synchronization and development communication between different developers, and improve the efficiency of collaborative development. The most common problem of Bug correction in different versions of software in parallel development can also be effectively solved by branching and merging in version control.

Specifically, in each development task, we need to first set the development baseline and determine the initial version of each configuration item. in the development process, developers develop the desired target version based on the version of the development baseline. When a requirement change occurs, through the evaluation of the change, determine the influence scope of the change, modify the version of the affected configuration item, and make the version tree of the configuration item continue to extend or produce new branches according to the nature of the change. form a new target version, while there should be no changes to the configuration items that are not affected by the change. At the same time, you should be able to record and track the impact of the changes on the version. You can also fall back to the previous version if necessary. For example, when development requirements or requirements changes are cancelled, you need to be able to roll back the version to the development baseline version. In the process of quarterly upgrade package unpacking and repackaging, in fact, the version of some configuration items is returned to the development baseline, and different branches corresponding to different requirements are reassembled and merged to form a new upgrade package version.

Version control is the core function of software configuration management. All elements placed in the configuration library should be automatically identified by the version and ensure the uniqueness of the version naming. In the process of generation, the version automatically branches and evolves according to the set usage model. In addition to the version information automatically recorded by the system, in order to cooperate with all stages of the software development process. We also need to define and collect some metadata to record the auxiliary information of the version and standardize the development process, and prepare for the measurement of the software process in the future. Of course, if the selected tools support, these auxiliary data will be able to directly count the process data, thus facilitating the software process improvement activities. For each baseline control in the configuration library, you should set the appropriate access permissions based on the location and status of their baselines. In general, versions prior to the baseline version should be locked, and if changes need to be made to them, follow the change control process.

Common tools:

1. Open source version control tools

There are many open source version control tools, such as Concurrent Versions System (CVS), Subversion (SVN), Vesta, Revision Control System (RCS), Source Code Control System (SCCS) and so on. The two more commonly used tools are CVS and SVN. CVS is a client-server version control software developed by Dick Grune based on RCS from 1984 to 1985. it has been the main choice of free version control software for a long time. An important development goal of SVN is to fix well-known shortcomings in CVS and provide a new version control software. SVN is a good open source version control tool for small and medium-sized teams, and the common client tool for SVN is TortoiseSVN.

2. Mature business tools

Commercial tools provide more functions than open source version control tools, especially those related to software configuration management. IBM's Rational ClearCase is a heavyweight software configuration management software, which provides version control, workspace management, parallel development support and version audit for large and medium-sized software development enterprises, and can provide comprehensive configuration management support for large-scale projects with thousands of developers.

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