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In this article, the editor introduces in detail "what are the cross-chain technologies of blockchain". The content is detailed, the steps are clear, and the details are handled properly. I hope this article "what are the cross-chain technologies of blockchain" can help you solve your doubts? let's follow the editor's train of thought to learn new knowledge.

Side chain

The side chain is a new block chain based on anchored bitcoin, just like the dollar is anchored to the gold bar. Side chain is to achieve the goal of financial ecology of cryptocurrency in the way of integration, rather than repel existing systems like other cryptocurrencies. Using the side chain, we can easily build a variety of intelligent financial contracts, stocks, futures, derivatives and so on. You can have thousands of side chains anchored to Bitcoin with different characteristics and purposes, all of which depend on the elasticity and scarcity of the Bitcoin main block chain. On this basis, the side chain technology further expands the application scope and innovation space of the blockchain technology, so that the traditional blockchain can support a variety of asset types, as well as small and micro payments, intelligent contracts, security processing mechanisms, real-world property registration, etc., and can enhance the privacy protection of the blockchain.

The more famous bitcoin side chains are the element chains introduced by ConsenSys's BTC Relay, Rootstock and BlockStream, while non-bitcoin side chains such as Lisk and domestic Asch.

BTC Relay is an intelligent contract based on the ethernet block chain, which will connect the ethernet network with the bitcoin network in a secure decentralized way. BTC Relay allows users to authenticate bitcoin transactions on the ethernet block chain by using the smart contract feature of ethernet square. BTC Relay uses block headers to create a small version of the bitcoin blockchain, and ethernet DApp developers can make API calls from smart contracts to BTC Relay to verify bitcoin network activity. BTC Relay makes a meaningful attempt to communicate across block chains, opening the communication channels for different block chains.

RootStock is an intelligent contract distributed platform based on Bitcoin blockchain. Its goal is to implement complex smart contracts as a side chain, adding value and functionality to the core bitcoin network. RootStock has implemented an improved version of the eTaifang virtual machine, which will be used as a side chain of bitcoin, using a token that can be converted into bitcoin as the "fuel" of smart contracts.

Element chain is an open source side chain project of Blockstream, which uses bitcoin two-way hook technology. the purpose of side chain protocol is to achieve two-way anchoring (Two-way Peg), so that bitcoin can be transferred between the main chain and the side chain. Element chain brings many innovative technologies to Bitcoin quickly, in addition to smart contracts, it also brings many innovative technologies to Bitcoin quickly, including private transactions, evidence separation, relative locking time, new opcodes, signature coverage and other features. These techniques can be applied to any side chain in any combination.

LISK is a new generation of blockchain platform that adds each application to a separate side chain of LISK. Friends who have used Bitcoin and Ethernet Square know that because Bitcoin and Ethernet Square have only one main chain, all functions and data are added to this main chain, resulting in rapid block expansion, large block size, and long synchronization time. This is a very painful experience. The side chain mode of Lisk provides a way to solve the problem of network congestion when dealing with high transaction volume. Users need to download the corresponding side chain only when they use related applications, which greatly reduces the invalid synchronous data and maintains the efficient operation of the whole Lisk network. Moreover, the speed of Lisk network will continue to accelerate with the passage of time, showing its special advantages.

M2

Factom uses blockchain technology to innovate the data management and data recording methods of commercial society and government departments, and the core is to establish an unchangeable audit notarization business process on the blockchain. Factom used to store data through the Bitcoin network, but then through the M2 function, it integrates Bitcoin and Ethernet block chains at the same time to ensure that the data is secure and trusted all the time.

The M2 function is roughly that Factom integrates all the data in the network into items or chains. User data is stored in the item, and there is interaction and cooperation between the chain and the item. Each chain has item blocks, which in turn generate new ones every ten minutes. At the end of ten minutes, all new entry blocks of all chains are integrated into a directory block, and then embedded in bitcoin and ethernet block chains. If there are no new entries in a chain within 10 minutes, the chain will not add new item blocks.

The significance of Factom doing this is to enable their data storage not only to rely on a single block chain of bitcoin books, but as a meaningful exploration of linking multiple common chains.

Polkadot

Polkadot technology is the third generation of open and unlicensed blockchain technology launched by Ethcore (Parity Technology), the core development of Taifang. Its core design concept is instant expansibility and extensibility, which solves the two problems that prevent the spread and acceptance of blockchain technology.

Polkadot plans to integrate the private chain / federation chain into the consensus network of the public chain, while maintaining the privacy and licensing protection of the private chain / federation chain. It gives us a whole new trading layer and the opportunity to connect hundreds of block chains to each other.

The core idea of Polkadot is to distinguish between the way the trading party initiates and executes the transaction and the way the trading party records it uniformly. Polkadot provides a basic relay chain (relay-chain) on which many verifiable, globally dynamically synchronized data architectures are built, either parallel or side chains. Block chain applications can fork ethernet, adjust according to their respective needs, connect ethernet public chain through Polkadot, or set different functions for different chains to achieve better scalability and efficiency.

At present, Polkadot is mainly based on Taifang, realizing its interconnection with private chains, and upgrading other public chain networks, eventually allowing Etaifang to communicate directly with any chain.

Interledger

There are always all kinds of problems in the value transfer and exchange between different account books. For example, Elwin hopes to use Bitcoin as a medium to remit money to overseas colleague Jam. Elwin currently has only RMB and Jam only accepts US dollars. The deal is that Elwin first converts RMB into Bitcoin and then converts Bitcoin into US dollars to Jam, but the problem here is that the price of the currency will be unstable, resulting in a loss of value. Ripple, Stellar, Circle and so on are the sharp tools to solve these problems, and the core ideas of these are basically the same: the third party provided by the account book will assure the sender that their funds will be transferred to the connectors only when the account book has been certified and the recipient has received the payment. Third parties will also ensure that the connectors will receive funds from the sender once they have completed the last part of the agreement.

Interledger Protocol, referred to as ILP, is led by Ripple Company to launch the Internet accounts Agreement, which will achieve the connection between different books and create collaboration between books. Interledger protocol is applicable to all accounting systems and can accommodate the differences of all accounting systems. The goal of ILP is to create a global unified payment standard and a unified network financial transmission protocol.

Financial institutions basically operate their own accounting systems in their own networks, and even after using blockchain technology, they are also running their own private chains or alliance chains of internal circles, which is not only a reason for regulatory compliance, but also to protect their internal data from disclosure.

The origin of ILP is due to the difficulties of Ripple in promoting its business. Banks would rather use the source code of Ripple to build their own private chain than connect to Ripple. Since it is difficult to build a global financial transport protocol that everyone supports, Ripple has developed a protocol that connects all the accounting systems we are currently using.

The Interledger protocol creates a system in which two different accounting systems can freely transfer money to each other through third-party "connectors" or "verifier" machines. The accounting system does not need to trust the "connector" because the agreement uses a cryptographic algorithm to create escrow for the two accounting systems and connectors, and when all participants agree on the amount of money, they can trade with each other. ILP removes the trust required by trading participants, and connectors do not lose or steal funds, which means that such transactions do not need to be protected by legal contracts and excessive review, greatly lowering the threshold. At the same time, only the accounting system involved can track the transaction, and the details of the transaction can be hidden. The "verifier" runs through the encryption algorithm, so it will not see the details of the transaction directly. In theory, interledger can be compatible with any online accounting system, while banks' existing accounting systems can use the protocol with only minor changes.

Ripple allows banks around the world to trade directly without a central counterparty or agent bank, thus allowing different currencies around the world (including legal tender and virtual currency) to exchange freely, almost free, and with zero delay, while Circle allows users to initiate immediate domestic or cross-border transfers and receive payments in the form of sending messages without handling fees. At present, Ripple and Circle are popular in the capital markets, and Elwin feels that the reason for their rise is not so much the innovation of cross-border exchange and P2P payment as the innovation of value exchange. They connect various books so that it is as easy to exchange funds on the Internet as to exchange information.

Other

Cross-chain authentication platform: technology giant Microsoft has partnered with startups Blockstack Labs and ConsenSys to build an open source authentication platform aimed at integrating bitcoin and ethernet block chains. They use ConsenSys's uPort to ensure interconnection with the ethernet block chain, and then use Blockstack's OneName to integrate the platform with the bitcoin block chain. This cross-chain solution can be extended to all future block chains, or to new decentralized distributed systems.

Bletchley: Microsoft launched the blockchain project Bletchley, which is an architecture and solution for the blockchain ecosystem, which aims to create an "open and modular blockchain framework". It is to "create a blockchain enterprise ecological alliance in Microsoft's own architectural way". Bletchley includes blockchain middleware and encrypted bookmark Cryptlets. One of the core functions that Bletchley blockchain middleware will provide is the blockchain gateway service, which uses services like Interledger to provide intercommunication for interrelated distributed ledgers, while Cryptlets will support interoperability and communication between Azure and other public / private clouds, ecosystem middleware and other customer technologies. Bletchley will be open to multiple blockchain protocols and support multiple protocols, such as HyperLedger and Ethereum. No matter which underlying blockchain platform is used, it can successfully support the operation of blockchain middleware and Cryptlets.

Taifang Alliance Block chain Network: Microsoft will soon officially release the Ethernet Square Alliance Block chain Network based on Ethernet Square technology. Enterprise users will be able to quickly deploy private, semi-private, or Community Block chain (consortium blockchain) networks, as well as public Ethernet Square nodes through Azure. Microsoft hopes the project will help the industry work together to build more complex alliances to better take advantage of the immutable network effects of shared books. Microsoft's overall goal for the service is to help the global industry build blockchain alliances.

Multichain: MultiChain is backward compatible with bitcoin, so users can import existing bitcoin applications into MultiChain. Instead of supporting a single chain like the Bitcoin kernel, MultiChain can be configured to support different blockchains of the same network at the same time. MultiChain can support many third-party assets and convert private blockchains to bitcoin blockchains.

Dragon chain: Dragon chain is a block chain platform that mixes public / private block chains, and it has strong interoperability with other public and private block chains. Dragon chain block chain has a total of five levels of various types of nodes, in any level of node verification processing, you can choose to connect and contact with other block chains. For example, the first layer is the commercial node, which is used to process the transaction and can decide whether a transaction is approved or rejected. If you want to provide a more decentralized implementation, you can choose to use the bitcoin network or other blockchain based on PoW consensus mechanism to achieve consensus processing of the transaction.

Taiyi blockchain: Taiyi blockchain supports cross-chain trading and multi-chain interaction. There are two modes of Taiyi cross-chain trading. the first mode is the two-way transaction between logical chains based on Taiyi superconducting network, which is one-to-one cross-chain transaction without the participation of a third party. the second mode is based on the multi-signature intelligent contract initiated between the unique logical chains of Taiyi block chain to realize one-to-one cross-chain transaction without third party participation. On the one hand, Taiyi multi-chain interaction includes the interaction of value transfer chain and information record chain in the industry, and on the other hand, it includes the interaction of block chains of basic service functions such as identity chain, credit chain, data storage chain, supervision chain and so on.

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