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This article is to share with you about the new features of Debian 10 Buster release. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you. I hope you can get something after reading this article. Without saying much, let's take a look at it.

Debian 10 Buster will be released soon. The release candidate has been released and we expect to see the final version in a few weeks.

If you are looking for this new major release, let me tell you what's in it.

Debian 10 Buster release Plan

The release date of Debian 10 Buster has not been set. Why is that? Unlike other distributions, Debian is not released on a time basis. Instead, it focuses on fixing the important Bugrelease-critical bug of the release. A major Bug release is either a serious security issue (CVE) or some other serious problem that prevents Debian from being released.

Debian is divided into three parts in its software archive, called Main, contrib, and non-free. Of the three, the packages that Debian developers and release managers are most concerned about form the cornerstone of the distribution. Main is as stable as stone. So they want to make sure there are no major functions or security issues. They also give different priorities, such as Essential, Required, Important, Standard, Optional, and Extra. For more information on this, refer to the following Debian articles.

This is necessary because Debian is used as a server in many environments and people have become dependent on Debian. They also value whether the upgrade cycle is broken, so they look for people to test to see if there is a breach during the upgrade and notify Debian of such a problem.

The stability of this submission is one of the many reasons I like Debian.

What's new in Debian 10 Buster version

Here are some visual and internal changes to the upcoming major release of Debian.

New themes and wallpapers

Buster's Debian theme is called FuturePrototype and looks like the following figure:

Debian Buster FuturePrototype Theme

1. GNOME Desktop 3.30

The GNOME desktop in Debian Stretch has been upgraded from 1.3.22 to 1.3.30 in Buster. Some of the new packages included in the GNOME desktop release are gnome-todo, and tracker replaces the dependencies of tracker-gui and gstreamer1.0-packagekit, so you can do things like playing movies by automatically installing codecs. A big change for all packages is from libgtk2+ to libgtk3+.

2. Linux kernel 4.19.0-4

Debian uses the LTS kernel version, so you can expect better hardware support and a maintenance and support cycle of up to 5 years. We have gone from kernel 4.9.0.3 to 4.19.0-4.

$uname-r4.19.0-4-amd643, OpenJDK 11.0

Debian has been OpenJDK 8.0 for a long time. Now we have upgraded to OpenJDK 11.0 in Debian Buster, and there will be a team to maintain the new version.

4. Enable AppArmor by default

AppArmor is enabled by default in Debian Buster. This is a good thing, and caution is the right strategy that system administrators must adopt. This is just the beginning, and you may need to fix a lot of scripts that you find useful to users.

5 、 Nodejs 10.15.2

For a long time, Debian had only Nodejs 4.8 in the warehouse. During this cycle, Debian has moved to Nodejs 10.15.2. In fact, Debian Buster has many javascript libraries such as yarnpkg (an alternative to nmp), and so on.

Of course, you can install Nodejs in Debian from the project repository, but it's great to see the updated version from the Debian repository.

6. NFtables replaces iptables

Debian Buster provides nftables to completely replace iptables because it has better, simpler syntax, better support for dual-stack ipv4/v6 firewalls, and so on.

7. Support more ARM 64 and ARMHF single board computers.

Debian already supports some common new single board computers, including pine64_plus, ARM64's pinebook, Firefly-RK3288, ARMHF 64's u-boot-rockchip and Odroid HC1/HC2 boards, SolidRun Cubox-i dual / quad core (1.5som) and SolidRun Cubox-i dual / quad core (1.5som+emmc) boards, Cubietruckplus and so on. Rock 64, Banana Pi M2 Berry, Pine A64 LTS Board, Olimex A64 Teres-1 and Rapberry Pi 1, Zero and Pi 3 are also supported. It is also supported out of the box for RISC-V systems.

8. Python 2 is dead, Python 3 lives forever.

On January 1, 2020, Python 2 will be abandoned by python.org. After Debian moves all packages from Python 2.7 to Python 3, Python 2.7 will be removed from the software repository. This could happen in a Buster release or a future release, which is certain to come. Therefore, Python developers are encouraged to migrate their code bases to be compatible with Python 3. At the time of writing, both python2 and pythone3 are supported in Debian Buster.

9 、 Mailman 3

You can finally use Mailman3 in Debian. At the same time, Mailman has been subdivided into components. To install the entire software stack, you can install mailman3-full to get all the components.

10. Any existing Postgresql database will need to be re-indexed

Due to the update of glibc local data, the way the information placed in the text index is sorted will change because re-indexing is beneficial so that there will be no data corruption in the future.

11. Default Bash 5.0

You may have learned about the new features of Bash 5.0. it is already this version in Debian.

12. Debian implementation / usr/merge

We have shared an excellent freedesktop reading that introduces what / usr/merge brings. There are some things to pay attention to. When Debian wants the entire transition, some binaries may not make these changes due to unforeseen circumstances. It is important to point out that / var and / etc will not be touched, so those who use container or cloud technologies do not need to think much about:).

13. Support secure startup

In Buster RC1, Debian now supports secure startup of secure-boot. This means that machines with secure boot settings turned on should be able to easily install Debian. There is no longer a need to prohibit or deal with secure startup:)

14. Calameres Live-installer of Debian-Live image

For the Live version of Debian Buster, Debian introduced the Calameres installer to replace the old Debian-installer. Debian-installer has more features than Calameres, but for beginners, Calameres provides an entirely new way to install compared to Debian-installer. Screenshot of the installation process:

Calamares Partitioning Stage

As you can see, installing Debian under Calamares is quite easy. You can install Debian on your machine in just five steps.

Download the Debian 10 Live image (for testing only)

Don't use it for production machines yet. You can try it on a test machine or a virtual machine.

You can get 64-bit and 32-bit images of Debian from the Debian Live directory. If you want 64-bit, go to the 64-bit directory. If you want 32-bit, go to the 32-bit directory.

Download Debian 10 Buster Live Images

If you upgrade from an existing stable version and have some problems, check to see if it is mentioned in the pre-installed upgrade report, and use reportbug to report the problems you see. If bug is not reported, please report and share as much information as possible.

When thousands of packages are upgraded, it seems impossible to list them all. I have listed some of the major changes you can find at Debian Buster.

These are the new features of the Debian 10 Buster release. The editor believes that there are some knowledge points that we may see or use in our daily work. I hope you can learn more from this article. For more details, please follow the industry information channel.

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