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What is Selenium?

Selenium is a browser-based automated testing tool that provides an end-to-end web automation solution across platforms and browsers. Selenium mainly consists of three parts: Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver and Selenium Grid.

An extension of Selenium IDE:Firefox that allows recording and playback and exporting recording operations into test cases in multiple languages (such as java, python, etc.).

Selenium WebDriver: provides the API needed for Web automation, primarily for browser control, page element selection, and debugging. Different browsers require different WebDriver.

Selenium Grid: provides the ability to run selenium tests on different browsers on different machines.

This article will introduce in detail how to use Python combined with Selenium WebDriver library to build web automated testing framework.

II. Automated testing framework

A typical automated testing framework generally includes use case management module, automatic execution controller, report generation module and log module, which complement each other.

Next, we introduce the logical units of each module:

1. Use case management module

The use case management module includes operation units such as adding, modifying and deleting. These units will also involve the use case writing mode, the management of the test database, the reusable library and so on.

2. Automation controller

The controller is the organization module for automating the execution of use cases, which is mainly responsible for how to execute our test cases.

3. Report generation module

Mainly responsible for the generation of reports after the implementation of use cases, generally in HTML format, the information is mainly the implementation of use cases. You can also configure the ability to send mail.

4. Log module

It is mainly used to record the execution of use cases in order to efficiently investigate the failure information of use cases and track the implementation of use cases.

Design and implementation of automation framework

1. Demand analysis

First of all, our test object is a web platform, and the framework based on this platform should include test case management, test execution controller, test report and test log generation.

2. Design and implementation

Page management

Suppose the test web object is a typical single-page application, so we use the page mode. The page pattern is the link between the page and the test case, which abstracts each page into a separate class, which provides the location and operation of the page elements for the test case.

BaseClass, as a parent class, contains only driver member variables, which are used to identify WebDriver in Selenium so that page elements can be located in subclasses. LoginClass and PageClass, as subclasses, provide methods for locating and manipulating page elements. Such as the login page.

From the page, the elements that need to be operated are: login user name, password, next automatic login and login button. The specific implementation code is as follows:

Page parent class BaseClass.py

LoginClass inherits from BaseClass and performs login element location and operation implementation. Username and password are located in the code, and the action to set the user name and password is added.

Common library module

The common library module serves for the creation of test cases, including constants, common functions, logs, reports and so on.

Common.py

The test case information class is used to identify test cases, and includes execution case and execution result information, mainly including the following fields.

Logs are mainly used to record test case execution steps and error messages. Different information has different log levels, such as Information, Warning, Critical and Debug. Because each test case produces fewer log entries, only the highest level of log printing, that is, the Debug level, is used in the test framework, which also prints out all other log level information. In the specific implementation, the logging class library in the Python standard library is referenced in order to more easily control the log output.

Test case warehouse

The use case warehouse is mainly used to organize automated test cases. Each test case is abstracted into a separate class and inherits from the unittest.TestCase class. The unittest library in Python provides rich support for testing frameworks, including setUp and tearDown methods for test cases, which can be rewritten during the implementation of the use case. Relying on the page methods and common functions implemented by the page management and common library modules, the writing of each test case script will be very clear and concise.

From this test case, we can see

Some instantiation work before test case execution is defined in Setup. TearDown cleans up and writes log files after the test is executed. The test steps, test data and test checkpoints are very clear, and the log level is easy to modify (such as username and password). The log level is only Debug, so logging only needs the same Log method.

3. Use case execution module

The execution module is mainly used to control the batch execution of test case scripts to form a test set. The execution of the use case refers to the subprocess in the Python standard library to execute the shell command of nosetests, thus executing the use cases in a given set of test cases. The test case set is a simple plain text file, and the .txt file testcases.txt is used in the implementation.

Test case scripts that are not marked with "#" before the use case will be executed, while those marked with "#" will be ignored, so that the execution of the test suite can be easily controlled, and of course, different files can be created to execute different test sets.

4. Modules that need to be improved

The existing implemented testing framework can already meet the automation requirements of web objects, but there are still some areas that can be improved, such as:

Some use cases can try to be data-driven. The By function of selenium is encapsulated twice to locate elements more efficiently. There is no continuous integration. V. Summary

The web automated testing framework based on Selenium is not only lightweight but also flexible, and can develop automated test cases quickly. Combined with the framework design and some good practices in this article, I hope it will be helpful to the design and implementation of web automated framework in the future.

Author: Wu Guanxiang

Source: Yixin Institute of Technology

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