Analyze synchronous_commit parameters in PostgreSQL

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Optional synchronous_commit parameters include on, off, local, remote_write and remote_apply. The impact on performance in a streaming replication environment is from small to large:

Off (async) > on (async) > remote_write (sync) > on | local (sync) > remote_apply (sync)

Off

This option means asynchronous operations, which may result in data loss, but not data inconsistencies.

On

This option ensures that the transaction is flushed to WAL, which ensures the persistence of the transaction.

Remote_write

This option ensures that WAL has been written to the OS of the remote host, and data will be lost if OS crashes.

Local

This option ensures that the log of the (primary) node has been flushed to the WAL (off the disk), ensuring the persistence of the transaction.

Remote_apply

This option ensures that the WAL of the slave is written and applied, and that the query results are consistent with the master node.

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