Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

II. Hardware devices and operating system processes and historical developments

Notes:

The default daemon starts its own process.

Ordinary processes rely on daemons. Most ordinary processes can't call hard disk resources directly through system call. They need library files to run normally on the system.

Default daemon---kernel space

1. The association structure diagram of hardware device and operating system

2. File Type:

Library files:

import files are similar.

.dll--windows library files

.os--linux library files

3. Structure of the operating system:

Hardware Device--kernel

{

(1)----(system call)---application program

(2) Library files-ordinary processes (special: shell (interaction between administrator and system))

}

Shell: The most common interaction mode under Linux operating system (Bash, csh, ksh, zsh are the most common)

SSH-----------Remote Painting

Graphic interaction program on Linux system, is also a common application (can not be installed)

Common graphics programs;KDE, GNOME

4. History of operating systems

To achieve batch processing of work: Bell Labs--GE General--MIT Mutices, followed by Bell Labs and MIT exit from the project, and Ken Thomson, a young scientist at Bell Labs, to run the space travel game;---DPD(7)

Based on DPD-7, Ken developed his first operating system, Unix (written in assembly language). In 1973 Ken and his colleague C (an improvement of B) rewritten Unix in C. After that, Ken came to Berkeley to teach BSD.

Problem: BSD and Unix operating systems were sold simultaneously in the U.S. market, and the two fought over copyright issues for a decade. Ten years later, Microsoft came along.

AT&T was broken up (Unix source code was provided free of charge)

The three most common minicomputer operating systems in the small market (IBM--ALX,SUN--SUNos, HP-HP-Unix)

Around 1989, in a Finnish university, an old professor wrote a minix operating system in order to teach students and did not want to buy Unix operating system.(After 1980, Richard Stallman of the United States launched the GNU Project---the first open source)

Around 1991 Linus developed the first Linux operating system (kernel) based on the minix system.

5. Version issues between kernel and GNU/Linux systems (i386, i686: kernel architecture, 32-bit systems, x64: 64-bit systems)

Kernel version: (direct use) kernelGNU/Linux version: (packaged use) Publisher version Red Hat (acquired by IBM) Debian-ubuntu

Common publisher versions: (Microsoft has a lower installation cost, so it has a large market share, and its marketing method is to sell licenses)

Redhat ---Charge service fee (commonly used in China, national enterprises)

centos---no charge (commonly used in China, Internet companies)

fedore ---test run

openSUSE (commonly used in Europe)

Ubuntu

Kirin, Red Flag

6. Open Source System

a.GNU:is Not Unix

GNU: A project to open source commercial versions of software programs;

GPL compliance: If you use open source software code defined in the GUN project, then you must open source all of that code.

b.BSD

c.Apache

It is a community that started as a website;

The Hadoop project was a top-level project called Apache Project after 2000.

Android: Google

Windows server: Grading graphics

3.Linux installation and command introduction

1. installation

2. disk partition

3. Basic use of commonly used Linux commands

Blog: Screenshots of errors in experiments

A. Install the operating system directly on the hardware device

B. Use VMM management platform to install (virtual machine mode)

VMM management platform: vmware workstations, virtualbox

2. disk partition

(1) Language selection

(2) Select keyboard

(3) Select time

(4) Write the host name

(5) Define root password (super user)

(6) Divide disk space---3 partitions must be divided: /boot swap /

Note: Take a snapshot, if there is an error, you can restore the snapshot!

3. Basic use of commonly used Linux commands

LS---//Display file information

PWD-----//Display current directory (path)

CD----//Switch to destination directory

touch---//modify timestamp

------SATA .. atime(access time) Mtime (modify file content) ctime (modify file attributes)

rm----//Delete

clear--clear screen =Ctrl+l

**

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.