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This article will explain in detail how to configure RAID on the IBM X3650 M3 server. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you as a reference. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

Background: RAID is a redundant array of cheap disks, which appears as an independent large storage device under the operating system. RAID can give full play to the advantages of multiple hard drives, can improve hard disk speed, increase capacity, provide fault tolerance to ensure data security, in any hard disk problems can continue to work, will not be affected by damage to the hard disk. RAID can be divided into soft raid and hard raid. Generally, high-end servers use hardware raid controller, hardware Raid is based on Raid card, and software Raid is based on operating system.

The unit is new to an IBM X3650 M3 server ready for testing, for some time has not personally done RAID, so do it yourself. If you take a look at the machine configuration parameter list, you can see that the raid card supports RAID 0,1,5,10. In general, when the hard disk is connected to an array card (RAID), the operating system will not be able to see the physical hard disk directly, so you need to create a RAID so that the system can recognize it correctly and then install the system. Prepare to RAID10 this machine as needed, the specific steps are as follows:

First, start the machine, there will be a + prompt in the self-test process, press these two keys at the same time and then click START, you can enter the graphical settings interface of WEBBIOS. As shown in the figure:

Click Configuration Wizard to enter the array setup wizard.

Clear Configuration (clear configuration): clear the existing configuration information and note that all data will be lost.

New Configuration (new configuration): clear the existing configuration information and create a new configuration.

Add Configuration (add configuration): keep the original configuration information and add a new hard disk to the original configuration. (this configuration usually does not cause data loss, but this operation is risky, so it is recommended to back up the data first! )

Note: if you select the first two options (Clear Configuration and New Configuration), you will lose all

data! Please back up all the data first! If it's a new machine, you don't have to worry about it.

Next, we select New Configuration, click to select the disk on the left, then select addtoarray to add it to the right diskgroups, add two disks to a group, and click accept dg after creating the first group.

Configuring raid10 requires the creation of two Disk Group with the same number of physical hard drives, as shown in the following figure.

Select the appropriate hard drive, and after configuring Disk Group, click the Accept button. Then click the Next button to enter the interface for configuring Span, select the existing Disk Group and click the Add to SPAN button to join the Span. Then click the Next button.

Enter the interface for configuring RAID10 parameters, and modify the corresponding parameters as needed. Parameters such as Strip Size and RAID Level. (it is generally recommended that you choose the default setting. ) when the configuration is complete, click the Accept button.

Enter the Virtual Disk preview interface, confirm that it is correct, and click the Accept button.

Prompt to save configuration information. Click the Yes button.

The prompt will lose all data. After confirmation, click the Yes button.

The interface to enter after the configuration is complete.

When you click the Home button to return to the main interface, you can see the status of all the current hard drives.

Click Exit to save and exit. Restart the machine and put it into the system boot disk to install the system normally.

Add:

Several working modes of RAID

1 、 RAID0

That is, Data Stripping data striping technology. RAID 0 can connect multiple hard drives into a larger hard disk cluster, which can improve disk performance and throughput. RAID 0 has no redundancy or bug repair capabilities, has a low cost, requires at least two disks, and is generally used only in cases where data security is not required.

(1), RAID 0 is the simplest way

It is to connect x blocks of the same hard disk in the form of hardware through an intelligent disk controller or with a disk driver in the operating system in a software way to form an independent logical drive with a capacity x times that of a separate hard drive. when computer data is written to each disk in turn, when one disk runs out of space, the data will be automatically written to the next disk. Its advantage is that it can increase the capacity of the disk. The speed is the same as that of any of these disks, and if any of them fails, the whole system will be damaged, and the reliability is 1 per cent of using a single hard disk.

(2), another way of RAID 0

It is to use n hard disks to choose a reasonable band size to create a band set, and it is best to equip each hard disk with a special disk controller to read and write data to n disks at the same time, so as to increase the speed by n times. Improve the performance of the system.

2 、 RAID 1

RAID 1 is called disk mirroring: mirroring the data from one disk to another can maximize the reliability and repairable performance of the system, but has a high data redundancy, but the disk utilization is 50%, so the cost is the highest, and it is often used to save critical and important data. RAID 1 has the following characteristics:

(1) each disk of RAID 1 has a corresponding mirror disk, the data is mirrored synchronously at any time, and the system can read data from any disk in a group of mirror disks.

(2) the space that the disk can use is only half of the total disk capacity, and the system cost is high.

(3) as long as there is at least one disk in any pair of mirror disks in the system, the system can run normally even when half of the hard drives have problems.

(4) the RAID system with hard disk failure is no longer reliable, so the damaged hard disk should be replaced in time, otherwise the remaining mirror disk will also have problems, then the whole system will crash.

(5) after replacing the new disk, the original data will take a long time to synchronize the mirror, and the external access to the data will not be affected, but the performance of the whole system will be degraded.

(6) the load of RAID 1 disk controller is quite heavy, so using multiple disk controllers can improve the security and availability of data.

3 、 RAID0+1

With the combination of RAID0 and RAID1 technology, in addition to distributing data on multiple disks, each disk has its own physical mirror disk, which provides full redundancy, allows one disk failure without affecting data availability, and has fast read / write capabilities. RAID0+1 needs to establish a band set of at least 4 hard drives in the disk mirror.

4 、 RAID2

When writing data, the computer saves each bit of the data on one disk, and saves the hamming check code calculated from different bits of data on another set of disk, because the hamming code can correct the error in the event of an error in the data. to ensure the correct output. However, hamming code uses data redundancy technology, so that the rate of output data depends on the slowest disk in the drive group. The design of RAID2 controller is simple.

5. RAID3: parallel transmission with parity code

RAID 3 uses a dedicated disk to store all the parity data and creates read and write operations with partitioned data on the rest of the disk. When reading data in an intact RAID 3 system, you only need to find the corresponding data block in the data storage disk for reading operation. However, when writing data to RAID 3, the check values of all data blocks in the same zone as the data block must be calculated and the new values must be rewritten to the check block, which invisibly increases the system overhead. When a disk fails, all data blocks on that disk must be re-established using parity information, and if the data block to be read happens to be on a damaged disk, all other data blocks in the same band must be read at the same time. The lost data is rebuilt according to the check value, which slows the system down. When the damaged disk is replaced, the system must reconstruct the data in the bad disk block by block, and the performance of the whole system will be seriously affected. The biggest deficiency of RAID 3 is that the check disk can easily become the bottleneck of the whole system, and the application of frequent large number of write operations will lead to the decline of the performance of the whole RAID system. RAID 3 is suitable for databases, WEB servers, and so on.

6 、 RAID4

RAID4 with parity code independent disk structure, RAID4 and RAID3 are very similar, its access to data is carried out by data block, that is, by disk, each time is a disk, the characteristics of RAID4 and RAID3 are also quite similar, but in the failure to recover, its difficulty is much greater than RAID3, the design of the controller is much more difficult, and the efficiency of accessing data is not very good.

7 、 RAID5

RAID 5 distributes check blocks across all data disks. RAID 5 uses a special algorithm to calculate the storage location of any band check block. This ensures that any read and write to the check block is balanced across all RAID disks, eliminating the possibility of bottlenecks. The reading efficiency of RAID5 is very high, the writing efficiency is average, and the block collective access efficiency is good. RAID 5 improves the reliability of the system, but it can not solve the parallelism of data transmission, and the design of the controller is also very difficult.

8 、 RAID6

RAID6 is an independent disk structure with two kinds of parity codes for distributed storage. It is an extension of RAID5. It is mainly used in situations where data can never go wrong. Two kinds of parity values are used, so two kinds of parity values are needed. At the same time, the design of the controller becomes very complex, and the writing speed is not good. It takes a lot of time to calculate parity values and verify the correctness of data, resulting in unnecessary loads. Very few people use it.

9 、 RAID7

RAID7 is an optimized high-speed data transfer disk structure, and all of its I / O transfers are synchronized and can be controlled separately, thus improving the parallelism of the system and the speed of system access to data; each disk has cache memory, and the real-time operating system can use any real-time operating chip to meet the needs of different real-time systems. Allows management and monitoring using the SNMP protocol, and an independent transport channel can be specified for the check area to improve efficiency. Multiple hosts can be connected, and when multiple users access the system, the access time is close to zero. However, if the system is powered off, all the data in the cache will be lost, so it is necessary to work with UPS, and the RAID7 system is very expensive.

10 、 RAID10

RAID10 is high reliability and high efficiency disk structure. It is a band structure plus a mirror structure, which can achieve both high efficiency and high speed.

Add: Raid 0x1 and Raid 1o0

For Raid 01,

If two disks are damaged at the same time, and the two disks are not in the same Raid 0, the service will no longer be able to provide services, because there is a damaged disk in each of the 2 groups of disks that make up 2 Raid 0, then each group of Raid 0 will lose its meaning. Although there is Raid 1 technology behind it, the unreliability of Raid 0 has led to the fall of the whole array, which is very sad! Now the data available hard disk can be said to be zero!

For Raid 1: 0

If two disks are damaged at the same time, and the whole two disks are not in the same Raid 1, then the service can be provided normally, because his foundation is Raid 1. Even if one hard disk, that is, five disks, is damaged in each Raid 1, it will not cause business interruption, and can be served by another hard disk. At this time, eight hard drives can be used!

This is the end of the article on "how to configure RAID on IBM X3650 M3 server". I hope the above content can be of some help to you, so that you can learn more knowledge. if you think the article is good, please share it out for more people to see.

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