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Linux command

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Must learn the commands 1.man and page1. Internal commands: echo view internal commands help: help echo or man echo2. External commands: ls view external command help: ls-- help or man ls or info ls3.man document type (1-9) man 7 manman 5 passwd4. Shortcut key: ctrl + c: stop the process ctrl + l: clear screen ctrl + r: search history command ctrl + Q: exit 5. Be good at using tab key 2. Common instructions: when installing linux, create a hadoop user, and then log in to system 1. 1 using the root user. Go to the user root directory cd ~ or cd2. Check the current directory pwd3. Go to the hadoop user root directory cd ~ hadoop4. Return to the original directory cd-5. Return to the previous directory cd.. 6. View all the files ls-la7 under the root directory of the hadoop user. Create a hadoop folder called mkdir / hadoop8. Create src and WebRoot folders under the / hadoop directory: mkdir / hadoop/src mkdir / hadoop/WebRoot simultaneously create: mkdir / hadoop/ {src,WebRoot} into the / hadoop directory Create .classpath and README files in this directory: touch .classpath touch README also create: touch {.classpath, README} View all the files under the / hadoop directory ls-la create a test.txt file under the / hadoop directory At the same time, write the content "this is test" echo "this is test" > test.txt to see the contents of test.txt cat test.txtmore test.txtless test.txt append to the README file "please read me first" echo "please read me first" > > README append the contents of test.txt to the README file cat test.txt > > README copy / hadoop directory to / hadoop-bakcp-r / hadoop / hadoop-bak to the / hadoop-bak directory Move the test.txt to the src directory and change the file name to Student.javamv test.txt src/Student.java create a struts.xml > struts.xml under the src directory to delete all xml type files rm-rf * .xml delete / hadoop-bak directory and all the following files rm-rf / hadoop-bak return to the / hadoop directory to see how many words are in the README file and how many lines wc-w READMEwc-l README returns to the root directory Package the / hadoop directory first, and then use gzip compression to complete it step by step: tar-cvf hadoop.tar hadoop gzip hadoop.tar step by step: tar-zcvf hadoop.tar.gz hadoop decompress it, and then unpack it step by step: gzip-d hadoop.tar.gz or gunzip hadoop.tar.gz step by step: tar-zxvf hadoop.tar.gz packages the / hadoop directory first, while compressing it with bzip2 And save to / tmp directory tar-jcvf / tmp/hadoop.tar.bz2 hadoop extract / tmp/hadoop.tar.bz2 to / usr directory tar-jxvf hadoop.tar.bz2-C / usr/ file command 1. Go to the user root directory cd ~ or cdcd ~ hadoop to return to the original path cd-

two。 View file details

Stat a.txt

3. move

Mv a.txt / ect/

Rename

Mv b.txt a.txt

Move and rename

Mv a.txt.. / b.txt

4 copy and rename

Cp a.txt / etc/b.txt

5.vi undoes the modification

Ctrl + u (undo)

Restore

Ctrl + r (redo)

6. Name password setting alias (invalid after restart)

Alias ll= "ls-l"

cancel

Unalias ll

7. If you want the alias to remain valid after restart, you need to modify it.

Vi / .bashrc

8. Add user

Useradd hadoop

Passwd hadoop

9 create multiple files

Touch a.txt b.txt

Touch / home/ {a.txt,b.txt}

10. Copy the contents of one file to another file in

Cat a.txt > b.txt

Additional content

Cat a.txt > > b.txt

11. A.txt and b.txt can be written by their owners and those who belong to the same group, but not by others:

Chmod ug+w,o-w a.txt b.txt

Chmod a=wx c.txt

twelve。 Make all files and subdirectories in the current directory readable by anyone:

Chmod-R aquir *

13. Set the user owner of a.txt to users and the owner of the group to jessie:

Chown users:jessie a.txt

14. Set the user of all files and subdirectories under the current directory to lamport, and the group owner to users

Chown-R lamport:users *

15. Copy all java programs into the finished subdirectory:

Cp * .java finished

16. List all files with the extension java in the current directory and its subdirectories.

Find-name ".java"

Find files with java extension in the current directory

Find-name. Java

17. Delete files with the extension java in the current directory

Rm-f * .java

3. System command

1. View hostname

Hostname

two。 Modify hostname (invalid after restart)

Hostname hadoop

3. Modify the hostname (take effect permanently after restart)

Vi / ect/sysconfig/network

4. Modify IP (invalid after restart)

Ifconfig eth0 192.168.12.22

5. Modify IP (take effect permanently after restart)

Vi / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

6. View system information

Uname-a

Uname-r

7. View the ID command

Id-u

Id-g

8. Date

Date

Date +% Y-%m-%d

Date +% T

Date +% Y-%m-%d ""% T

9. calendar

Cal 2012

10. View file information

File filename

11. Mount the hard disk

Mount

Umount

Load windows Shar

Mount-t cifs / / 192.168.1.100/tools / mnt

twelve。 View file size

Du-h

Du-ah

13. View partition

Df-h

14.ssh

Ssh hadoop@192.168.1.1

15. Shutdown

Shutdown-h now / init 0

Shutdown-r now / reboot

4. Users and groups

Add a tom user, set it to belong to the users group, and add comment information

Step by step: useradd tom

Usermod-g users tom

Usermod-c "hr tom" tom

One step: useradd-g users-c "hr tom" tom

Set the password for the tom user

Passwd tom

Change the login name of the tom user to tomcat

Usermod-l tomcat tom

Add tomcat to the sys and root groups

Usermod-G sys,root tomcat

View group information for tomcat

Groups tomcat

Add a jerry user and set the password

Useradd jerry

Passwd jerry

Add a group that delivers america

Groupadd america

Add jerry to the america group

Usermod-g america jerry

Remove tomcat users from root and sys groups

Gpasswd-d tomcat root

Gpasswd-d tomcat sys

Change the america group name to am

Groupmod-n am america

5. Authority

Create a.txt and b.txt files that are writable by their owner and group, but not by others:

Chmod ug+w,o-w a.txt b.txt

Create a c.txt file that anyone can write and execute

Chmod a=wx c.txt or chmod 666 c.txt

Make all files and subdirectories in the / hadoop directory readable by anyone

Chmod-R aquir / hadoop

Set the owner of all files and subdirectories under the / hadoop directory to root, and the user ownership group to users

Chown-R root:users / hadoop

Set the users of all files and subdirectories under the current directory to hadoop and the group to users

Chown-R hadoop:users *

6. Catalog attribute

1. View folder properties

Ls-ld test

two。 Rwx of the folder

-- x: you can cd in.

Rmurx: you can cd in and ls

-wx: you can cd in and touch,rm your own files, and you can vi other users' files

-wt: you can cd in and touch,rm your own files

Ls-ld / tmp

The permission value of drwxrwxrwt is 1777 (sticky)

7. Software installation

1. Install JDK

Add execution permission

Chmod upright x jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin

Decompression

. / jdk-6u45-linux-i586.bin

Create a java directory under the / usr directory

Mkdir / usr/java

Cut the extracted jdk1.6.0_45 from the / soft directory to the / usr/java directory

Mv jdk1.6.0_45/ / usr/java/

Add environment variabl

Vim / etc/profile

Add at the end of the / etc/profile file

Export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_45

Export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib

Export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

* Update configuration

Source / etc/profile

two。 Install tomcat

Tar-zxvf / soft/apache-tomcat-7.0.47.tar.gz-C / programs/

Cd / programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.47/bin/

. / startup.sh

3. Install eclipse

8.vim

I

A/A

O/O

R +? Replace

0: the beginning of the current line of the file

$: the end of the current line of the file

G: the beginning of the last line of the file

1 + G to the first line

9 + G to line 9 =: 9

Dd: delete a row

3dd: delete 3 lines

Yy: copy a row

3yy: copying 3 Lin

P: paste

U:undo

Ctrl + r:redo

"a clipboard a

"b clipboard b

"ap pastes the contents of clipboard a

Every time you enter vi, you have a line number.

Vi / .vimrc

Set nu

W a.txt save as

W > > a.txt content is appended to a.txt

: e! Return to the original state

1 the hadoop from the first line to the last line is replaced by root

: 1 hadoop Hadoop hand RootUnip C replace the first line to the next line with root (hint)

9. Find

1. Find executable commands:

Which ls

two。 Find the location of executable commands and help:

Whereis ls

3. Find the file (need to update the library: updatedb)

Locate hadoop.txt

4. Start looking from a folder

Find /-name "hadooop"

Find /-name "hadooop"-ls

5. Find and delete

Find /-name "hadooop"-ok rm {}\

Find /-name "hadooop"-exec rm {}\

6. Find files whose user is hadoop

Find / usr-user hadoop-ls

7. Find files whose user is hadoop and (- a) has group root

Find / usr-user hadoop-a-group root-ls

8. Find files whose user is hadoop or (- o) has a group of root and is a folder type

Find / usr-user hadoop-o-group root-a-type d

9. Find files with permissions of 777

Find /-perm-777-type d-ls

10. Show command history

History

11.grep

Grep hadoop / etc/password

10. Packaging and compression

1.gzip compression

Gzip a.txt

two。 Decompression

Gunzip a.txt.gz

Gzip-d a.txt.gz

3.bzip2 compression

Bzip2 a

4. Decompression

Bunzip2 a.bz2

Bzip2-d a.bz2

5. Package the files in the current directory

Tar-cvf bak.tar.

Append / etc/password file to bak.tar (r)

Tar-rvf bak.tar / etc/password

6. Decompression

Tar-xvf bak.tar

7. Package and compress gzip

Tar-zcvf a.tar.gz

8. Decompress

Tar-zxvf a.tar.gz

Decompress to / usr/

Tar-zxvf a.tar.gz-C / usr

9. View the contents of the package

Tar-ztvf a.tar.gz

Zip/unzip

10. Packaged and compressed into bz2

Tar-jcvf a.tar.bz2

11. Decompress bz2

Tar-jxvf a.tar.bz2

11. Regular pattern

1.cut intercept to: split and retain the seventh segment

Grep hadoop / etc/passwd | cut-d:-f7

two。 Sort

Du | sort-n

3. Query does not contain hadoop

Grep-v hadoop / etc/passwd

4. Regular expression contains hadoop

Grep 'hadoop' / etc/passwd

5. Regular expression (a dot represents any character)

Grep 'h.roomp' / etc/passwd

6. Regular expression begins with hadoop

Grep'^ hadoop' / etc/passwd

7. Regular expression ends with hadoop

Grep 'hadoop$' / etc/passwd

Rules:

. Any character

A: any number of a (zero or more a)

A: zero or one a

A +: one or more a

. Any number of arbitrary characters

. Escape.

A word that begins with h and ends with p

O {2}: O repeat twice

Grep'^ I. {18} nasty'/ usr/share/dict/words

Find lines that do not begin with #

Grep-v'^ # 'a.txt | grep-v' ^ $'

Beginning with h or r

Grep'^ [hr]'/ etc/passwd

It doesn't start with h and r

Grep'^ [^ hr]'/ etc/passwd

It doesn't start with h to r

Grep'^ [^ hmurr]'/ etc/passwd

twelve。 Input and output redirection and piping

1. Create a new file

Touch a.txt

B.txt

two。 Error redirection: 2 >

Find / etc-name zhaoxing.txt 2 > error.txt

3. Enter right or wrong information into log.txt

Find / etc-name passwd > / tmp/log.txt 2 > & 1

Find / etc-name passwd & > / tmp/log.txt

4. Append > >

5. Convert lowercase to uppercase (input redirect)

Tr "Amurz"Amurz"

< /etc/passwd 6.自动创建文件 cat >

Log.txt

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