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How to set up the Tkinter window in Python? I believe many inexperienced people don't know what to do about it. Therefore, this article summarizes the causes and solutions of the problem. Through this article, I hope you can solve this problem.

What is the layout Manager? To put it bluntly, it's the guy who manages how your components are arranged. Tkinter has three layout managers, pack, grid, and place, where:

Pack sorts the components in the order in which they are added.

Grid arranges components in row / column form.

Place allows programmers to specify the size and location of components.

Pack

In fact, the previous example of pack has been used all the time. Pack is more suitable for arranging a small number of components than grid Manager, but it is easier to use. If you need to create a relatively complex layout structure, it is recommended to use multiple framework (Frame) structures, or use the grid manager implementation.

Do not mix pack and grid in the same parent component, because Tkinter will carefully calculate which layout manager to use first. So much so that you have been waiting for half an hour, and Tkinter is still there struggling to get a result!

One of the situations we often encounter is to put a component into a container component and populate the entire parent component. Let's generate a Listbox component and populate it in the root window:

Import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk () listbox = tk.Listbox (root) listbox.pack (fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) for i in range (10): listbox.insert (tk.END, str (I) root.mainloop ()

Where the fill option tells the window manager that the component will fill the entire space allocated to it, BOTH means to expand both horizontally and vertically, X for landscape and Y for portrait, and the expand option tells the window manager to fill up the extra space of the parent component as well.

By default, pack arranges the added components vertically:

Import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk () tk.Label (root,text= "Red", bg= "red", fg= "white") .pack (fill=tk.X) tk.Label (root,text= "Green", bg= "green", fg= "black") .pack (fill=tk.X) tk.Label (root,text= "Blue", bg= "blue", fg= "white") .pack (fill=tk.X) tk.mainloop ()

If you want components to be arranged one by one horizontally, you can use the side option:

Import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk () tk.Label (root,text= "Red", bg= "red", fg= "white") .pack (side=tk.LEFT) tk.Label (root,text= "Green", bg= "green", fg= "black") .pack (side=tk.LEFT) tk.Label (root,text= "Blue", bg= "blue", fg= "white") .pack (side=tk.LEFT) tk.mainloop ()

Grid

The grid manager is arguably the most flexible of the three layout managers of Tkinter. Gird is especially convenient when you are designing dialogs. If you've been building window layouts with pack, you'll regret why you didn't learn it earlier after learning grid. Using one grid, you can easily achieve the effect you build with many frameworks and pack.

To arrange components using grid, simply tell it where you want to place the components (rows / columns, row options specify rows, cloumn options specify columns). In addition, you do not have to point out in advance the size of the grid (the location where the grid is distributed to the components is called the grid), because the manager automatically calculates

Import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk () # column default is 0 tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=0, column=0) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=0, column=1) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=0, column=3) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=1, column=0) # tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=1, column=1) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=1, column=3) tk.mainloop ()

Login form

Import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk () root.geometry ("300x300+150+150") # column default value is 0 tk.Label (root, text= "username") .grid (row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=0, column=1) tk.Label (root, text= "password") .grid (row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W) tk.Entry (root, show= "*") .grid (row=1, column=1) tk.mainloop ()

By default, the component is centered in the corresponding grid, and you can use the sticky option to modify this feature. The values that can be used for this option are E, W, S, N (EWSN represents east, west, north, south, left, west, and right east, respectively) and their combinations. Therefore, you can use sticky=W to align the Label to the left:

Tk.Label (root, text= "password") .grid (row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W) tk.Entry (root, show= "*") .grid (row=1, column=1)

Sometimes you may need to use several grids to place a component, can you do that? Of course, you only need to specify rowspan and columnspan to achieve cross-row and cross-column functionality:

Layout across rows and columns

Import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk () # column is 0 tk.Label (root, text= "username") .grid (row=0,column=0,sticky=tk.W) tk.Entry (root) .grid (row=0,column= 1) tk.Label (root, text= "password") .grid (row=1, column=0,sticky=tk.W) tk.Entry (root, show= "*") .grid (row=1, column=1) photo = tk.PhotoImage (file= ".. / assets/logo.png") tk.Label (root) Image=photo) .grid (row=0,column=2,rowspan=2, padx=5, pady=5) tk.Button (text= "commit", width=10) .grid (row=2,column=0,columnspan=3, pady=5) tk.mainloop ()

Place

In general, the use of the place layout manager is not recommended because it requires more work than pack and grid,place. But it makes sense right away, and place can be useful in some special situations. Take a look at the example below.

With place, you can display child components right in the middle of the parent component:

Import tkinter as tkroot = tk.Tk () def callback (): print ("hit the bull's-eye") tk.Button (root, text= "point me", command=callback) .place (relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER) tk.mainloop

In some cases, maybe you want one component to overwrite another, so place can come in handy again. The following example demonstrates overriding the Label component with Button:

Import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk () def callback (): print ("hit the bull's-eye") photo = tk.PhotoImage (file= ".. /.. / assets/logo.png") tk.Label (root, image=photo). Pack () tk.Button (root, text= "click me", command=callback) .place (relx=0.5, rely=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER) tk.mainloop ()

Overlay components with place

It is not difficult to see that the relx and rely options specify the location relative to the parent component, with a range of 00cm 1.0, so 0.5 means it is in the middle. Then the relwidth and relheight options specify the size relative to the parent component:

Relative position and relative size

Import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk () tk.Label (root, bg= "red") .place (relx=0.5, rely=0.5, relheight=0.75, relwidth=0.75, anchor=tk.CENTER) tk.Label (root, bg= "yellow") .place (relx=0.5, rely=0.5, relheight=0.5, relwidth=0.5, anchor=tk.CENTER) tk.Label (root, bg= "green") .place (relx=0.5, rely=0.5, relheight=0.25, relwidth=0.25, anchor=tk.CENTER) tk.mainloop () read the above Have you mastered how to set up the Tkinter window in Python? If you want to learn more skills or want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel, thank you for reading!

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