Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

1. An overview of API:Application Program InterfaceABI:Application Binary Interface Unix-like ElF windows exe,msi library-level virtualization winE (running simulation windows on linux) cywin (running simulation linux on windows) system-level development: Cashman Centro httpdjeer vsftpdMaginx go application level development: java/Python/perl/ruby/php: java:hadoop Hbase (jvm) Python:openstack (pvm) CumberCraft + program format: source code: text format program code compilation and development environment: compiler Header file, development library binary format: text format program code-> compiler-> binary format (binary program, library file, configuration file, help file) Java/Python program format: source code: compiled into a format that can be run on its virtual machine (jvm/pvm) Development environment: compiler, development library binary: project build tools: c/c++:make java:maven compilation order is determined by the project build tools (developers have set the compilation order) 2. Package manager source code-- > target binary format-- > organization called one or a limited number of "package" files; install, upgrade, uninstall, query, verify

Package Manager:

Debian (Ubuntu): dpt, tools: dpkg, package ends with ".deb" redhat:redhat package manager, rpm, ".rpm"; rpm is package manager;S.u.S.E:rpm, '.rpm'Gentoo:portsArchLinux:3. Package composition format source code: name-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION:major.minor.releaserpm package naming format: name-VERSION-release.arch.rpm VERSION:major.minor.release release.arch:rpm package release number release.os:2.el7.i386.rpm archetecture (architecture): i386 Magi x64 (amd64), ppc,noarch (no platform requirements) Can be used on any platform architecture) rpm unpacking: main package and subpackage main package: name-VERSION-release.arc.rpm subpackage: name-function-VERSION-release.arc.rpm function:devel (development package), utils (tool program) Libs (library file) dependencies XMagi YpenceZ XFY-> YMagi ZYMY-> AMagi BBMagi C C-> Y front-end tools: automatically resolve dependencies Yum: front-end tool for rpm package manager on rhel systems; apt-get (apt-cache): front-end tool for deb package manager zypper:suse 's rpm manager front-end tool dnf:Fedora 22 + front-end tool for rpm package manager on system 4. Package manager function and component function: package each component file of the compiled application into one or more package files, so that it is more convenient to install, upgrade, uninstall and view the package. The component manifest of the package (each package is implemented separately); the script that runs when the file manifest is installed and uninstalled. The name and version dependency of the database (public) package describe the file paths and check code information generated by the installation, etc. The package database location on CentOS / var/lib/rpm/5. The way to get the package (1) the CD of the system distribution or the official file server (or mirror site) Http://mirrors.aliyun.com http://mirrors.sohu.com, http://mirrors.163.com (2) the official site of the project (3) rpm packages produced by third-party organizations: (a) EPEL: (B) search engines find http://pkgs.org http://rpm.pvone.net http://rpmfind.netstat (4) do it yourself Adequate food and clothing suggestion: check its legitimacy (integrity) source legitimacy: package integrity Rpm Command Management package on 6.CentOS system

Command introduction

Install, upgrade, uninstall, query and verify, database maintenance rpm command: rpm [OPTION] [PACKAGE_FILE] install:-iQuery wishful install upgrade:-Umam Methodispose updateLay Fmai Lichen Uninstall:-eMie Lizuerase query query:-QLV,-- verify Database maintenance:-- builddb,--initdb

Rpm package installation

Rpm {- I |-- install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE... Rpm-ivh PACKAGE_FILE... GENERAL OPTIONS:-v:verbose, details-vv: more detailed output [install-options]-h:hash marks output progress bar; each # indicates 2% progress-test: test installation, check and report dependencies, conflict messages, etc. -- nodeps: ignore dependencies. It is not recommended. It cannot be used after installation. -- replacepkgs: reinstall: rpm-ivh-- replacepkgs zsh-5.0.2-7.el7.x86_64.rpm-- nodigest: do not check the integrity of the package information-- nosignature: do not check the source information of the package and the integrity of the package Note: rpm can come with scripts Four categories:-- noscripts preinstall: scripts run before the installation process starts,% pre:-- nopre postinstall: scripts run after the installation process is completed:% post-- nopost preuninstall: scripts run before the uninstall process actually starts,% preun-- nopreun postuninstall scripts run after the uninstall process completes,% postun-- nopostun

Rpm package upgrade

Rpm {- U |-- upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE. Rpm {- F |-- freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE.-U: upgrade or install-F: upgrade, if the old version does not exist, do not install rpm-Uvh PACKAGE_FILE. Rpm-Fvh PACKAGE_FILE...-- oldpackage: downgrade installation;-- force: force upgrade; Note: (1) do not upgrade the kernel. Linux supports the coexistence of multiple kernel versions, so install the new version of the kernel directly; (2) if the configuration file of a source package has been modified after installation, when upgrading. The same profile provided by the new version of the program will not overwrite the original version of the configuration file. Instead, the new version of the configuration file is renamed (FILENAME.rpmnew) and provided.

Uninstall:

Rpm {- e |-- erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME...-- llmatches: uninstall all versions of packages that match the specified name-- nodos: ignore dependencies-- test: test uninstall, dry run mode rpm-e zsh

Query

Rpm {- Q |-- query} [select-options] [query-options] 1. [select-options] rpm-Q PACKAGE_NAME: query whether the specified package has been installed, and its version;-amam Lazall: query all installed packages-f FILE: query which program installs the specified files and generates them-pLMAL package PACKAGE_FILE: used to query uninstalled packages. -- whatprovides CAPABILITY: query which package provides bin for the specified CAPABILITY] # rpm-Q-- whatprovides config\ (bash\) bash-4.1.2-40.el6.x86_64 rpm-Q-- whatprovides zprof.so' () (64bit)'--whatrequires CAPABILITY: query which package the specified CAPABILITY (capability) depends on 2. [query-options]-- changlog: query-ljinghenzaList: list of all files generated by installation-iQuery Methodist info: query package-related information, version number, size, group to which it belongs, etc.-cQuery Lichtel config files: query the configuration file of the specified package-d -- docfiles: query the help documentation provided by the specified package-- provides: list all CAPABILITY (capabilities) bin of the specified package] # rpm-Q-- provides bash config (bash) = 4.1.2-40.el6 bash = 4.1.2-40.el6 bash (x86-64) = 4.1.2-40.el6-R -- requires: query the dependencies of the specified package -- scripts: view the script snippet that comes with the package; usage:-qi PACKAGE: information, which package installs the qf FILE file, qc PACKAGE configuration file, ql PACKAGE: list of files generated by installation,-qd, help document qpi,qpl,qpc... provided Query information about uninstalled packages.

Check:

Rpm-V zsh # verifies whether S file Size differs M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type) 5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs D Device major/minor number mismatch L readLink (2) path mismatch U User ownership differs G Group ownership differs T mTime differs P caPabilities differ [root@CentOS6 bin] # rpm-V zsh S.5. C / etc/zshrcrpm {- V |-verify} [select-options] [verify-options] has been modified after installation

Package source validity verification and integrity verification:

Source validity verification: digital signature: integrity verification rpm--import / media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-GentOS-7 import key information rpm- K zsh-5.0.2-14.el7.x86_64.rpm obtain and import the keys of trusted package makers: for CentOS distributions: rpm--import / etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-KEY-CentOS-7 verification: (1) when installing programs signed by this organization Verification will be performed automatically (2) manual verification: rpm-K PACKAGE_NAME

Database Reconstruction:

Rpm Manager database path: / var/lib/rpm query operation: through the database here; get help: CentOS6:man rpm CentOS 7:man rpmdbrpm {--initdb |-- rebuilddb} [- v] [--dbpath DIRECTORY] [--root DIRECTORY]-- initdb: initialize the database. Currently, there is no database to initialize to create a new Currently sometimes nothing is done-- rebuilddb: rebuild, recreated by reading all installed packages on the current system

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.