Shulou(Shulou.com)05/31 Report--

How to use the network security audit tool Nmap, in response to this problem, this article details the corresponding analysis and solution, hoping to help more small partners who want to solve this problem find a simpler and easier way.

I. software download

https://nmap.org/download.html

II. scan IP

nmap 192.168.1.10 #Scan Single IP

nmap 192.168.1.10-100 #Scan IP segments

nmap 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 #Scan individual multiple IPs

nmap 192.168.1.1/24 #Scan entire segment

nmap -iL list.txt #Scan according to file list

#list.txt

192.168.1.20

192.168.1.21

nmap -iR 3 #Random scan 3 IPs

nmap 192.168.1.10-100 --exclude 192.168.1.20 #exclude specified IP

nmap 192.168.1.1/24--excludefilelist.txt #remove IP from file

nmap -A 192.168.1.10 #-A brings together most useful scan commands

-o Used to identify remote operating systems

-sC is used to run default script scans

-Pn #Ping No Scan without ping

-sP #simple Ping Simple sniffing online hosts inside a network

-PS #Scan with ping

-PU #sniffing UDP

-p # 0-65535 #Specify port

-PA # ACK protocol

-PY #CTP Agreement

-PE #without parameters Default ICMP

-PP #ICMP timestamp sniffing command, used to sniff firewalled targets

-PO1, 2, 3 #Select different protocols Scan 1 Yes ICMP 2 IGMP 4 IP

--traceroute IP #routing process

-R #DNS reverse lookup

nmap --system-dns 192.168.1.10 #Use your own resolver for each DNS of the host system

nmap --dns-servers 202.103.24.68 192.168.1.10 #Specify DNS servers

nmap -sL 192.168.1/24 #Get host list quickly

-sS #TCP SYN Scan

-sT #

Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}

TARGET SPECIFICATION:

Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.

Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254

-iL : Input from list of hosts/networks

-iR : Choose random targets

--exclude : Exclude hosts/networks

--excludefile : Exclude list from file

HOST DISCOVERY:

-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan

-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan

-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery

-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports

-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes

-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping

-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]

--dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers

--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver

--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

SCAN TECHNIQUES:

-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans

-sU: UDP Scan

-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans

--scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags

-sI : Idle scan

-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans

-sO: IP protocol scan Open protocol scan

-b : FTP bounce scan

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:

-p : Only scan specified ports

Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9

--exclude-ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning

-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan Fast scan 1000 + common ports

-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize

--top-ports : Scan most common ports

--port-ratio : Scan ports more common than

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:

-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info

--version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)

--version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)

--version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)

--version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)

SCRIPT SCAN:

-sC: equivalent to --script=default

--script=: is a comma separated list of

directories, script-files or script-categories

--script-args=: provide arguments to scripts

--script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file

--script-trace: Show all data sent and received

--script-updatedb: Update the script database.

--script-help=: Show help about scripts.

is a comma-separated list of script-files or

script-categories.

OS DETECTION:

-O: Enable OS detection

--osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets

--osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:

Options which take are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),

's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).

-T: Set timing template (higher is faster)

--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes

--min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization

--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies

probe round trip time.

--max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.

--host-timeout : Give up on target after this long

--scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes

--min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second

--max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second

FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:

-f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)

-D : Cloak a scan with decoys

-S : Spoof source address

-e : Use specified interface

-g/--source-port : Use given port number

--proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies

--data : Append a custom payload to sent packets

--data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets

--data-length : Append random data to sent packets

--ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options

--ttl : Set IP time-to-live field

--spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address

--badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum

OUTPUT:

-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s|

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