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This article mainly introduces "how beginners learn DOS". In daily operation, I believe many people have doubts about how beginners learn DOS. The editor consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out simple and easy-to-use operation methods. I hope it will be helpful to answer the doubts of "beginners how to learn DOS"! Next, please follow the editor to study!

Nowadays, most of the operating systems of home computers use Windows, but before the introduction of Windows95 in 1995, the dominant operating system was DOS (Disk Operation System disk operating system).

People who have come into contact with computers earlier must have heard of the name DOS, and many people still miss the DOS era. Although their computers have already used Windows, they still have to keep a copy of DOS on their hard drives for a rainy day.

So what is the charm of DOS?

In DOS, instead of desktops and icons, we are faced with a computer screen like this: this C: > is called a prompt, and this flashing horizontal line is called the cursor. This means that the computer is ready and waiting for us to give it orders. All we need to do now is to give orders to the computer, and the computer will do whatever it gives. So how do we give orders to the computer?

It's simple. For example, if we want to see what time it is, we can enter the time order, type in the four letters time, which means "time" in English, and then press enter to confirm it, and the current time will be displayed on the screen.

Then hit the enter key, and the prompt appears again, and you can enter the next command.

If you want to see the date, type date and press enter to confirm it. The current date is displayed on the screen. Hit the enter key again and go back to the prompt.

This is the command input method of DOS. Unlike Windows95, which uses the mouse to find the icon to run the program, DOS executes the program by entering English commands and entering the enter key.

So, it's totally different from Windows, isn't it? Under the character interface, we can only direct the work of the computer by typing characters on the keyboard. after the computer completes a command, the next prompt appears, and we can give orders to the computer again. Note that under DOS the computer can only do one thing at a time, and then the next thing can be done; under Windows, we may ask the computer to do several things at the same time, for example, we can copy files, write articles and browse Internet at the same time. So people call DOS a single-task operating system and Windows 95 a multi-tasking operating system.

Files and directories are the most important concepts in DOS, just like Windows, except that "directories" are called "folders" in Windows.

If we want to view the files on our computer, we can enter the dir command and enter. As you can see, what is followed by < dir > is the directory, and what is not available is the file, which stores a lot of files for different purposes.

In DOS, the rule for file names is 8.3, that is, a file name is composed of a file base name and a file extension, with a dot in the middle. " Separated, the file base name consists of no more than 8 English letters or numbers, the file extension consists of no more than three English letters or numbers, the file base name must have, the extension may not be available.

Note: when displaying a list of files with the dir command, there is no "." between the file base name and the extension. Delimiter, but you must enter it when you enter the full file name. The third column shows the size of the file, indicating how much storage space it takes, that is, how much information the file contains, and the more information it contains, the larger the file; the fourth column shows the date on which the file was created or the date it was last changed, and each file has a corresponding generation time, just like everyone has their own birthday, the generation time of the file is when the file is formed. Time is expressed in the usual way, which consists of year, month and day. The last column indicates the specific time when the file was generated, with the last letter a for morning and p for afternoon.

Let's take a look at the last one or two lines. What do these mean? "10 file (s)" tells you that there are "10" files in this directory, which add up to "64692 bytes". In this calculation, each subdirectory is considered a file, but its size is zero. The last line tells you that there is still "xxx bytes"-sized disk space available on your working disk.

If we want to see the files in the DOS directory, then we can click dir dos enter, which means to check the DOS directory, and if we click dir windows enter to check the files in the windows directory, we can check the files in the windows directory. You can try to practice the dir command and observe what is under the folder.

When you use the dir command to view files on disk, you will find that there are many file suffixes (that is, file extensions), most of which have some meaning.

All files with suffixes of exe, com or bat can be executed directly. These files with the suffix exe are called executable files; files with the suffix com are called command files; and files with the suffix bat are called batch files. If we want to execute these files, just type the basic name of the file at the prompt and enter the enter. There is no need to enter the file suffix.

For example, the file on the first line is called format.com, and the suffix is named com. If we want to execute it, just type in the basic name of the file at the prompt and enter enter, without entering the suffix name. This is actually the formatting command format that we will learn later. Don't try to enter the prompt text on the screen, otherwise the data on your A disk will be gone. After learning the following chapters, you will understand this command and try again. Don't use it indiscriminately now! )

For example, the second line of the file mem.exe, its suffix is exe, is also an executable file, its function is to check the computer's current memory footprint. Hit mem at the prompt, and then enter. (there is no problem with this order, you can try it)

This shows how much memory the computer has, how much is used now, how much is left, and how much basic memory is used and how much basic memory is left, which will be explained in more detail below.

When we look at the file in the root directory of disk c, we often see this autoexec.bat file with the suffix bat, indicating that it is a batch file and can be executed directly.

The so-called batch processing means that many commands can be executed at once. When we want the computer to complete a series of tasks, we can execute them one by one, or we can load all these commands into one.

Among the files, as long as you type the file name, the computer will execute this batch of commands at once.

In practice, we often set up some batch files to complete a lot of tedious work with fixed steps. Now, you already know which files on your computer are directly valid for you.

They are files with the suffix com, exe, or bat.

So, when you get a new software, you can first use the dir command to check whether there are files with their suffixes, in general, you can find one or several such files, you can rest assured to execute them, one of them must be right, wrong also does not matter, generally will not have too much impact.

In DOS, there is a concept of the current directory, which is the directory displayed at the prompt. Now the prompt is C:\, so the current directory is the root directory of disk C, and this\ (backslash) represents the root directory.

If you want to change the current directory, you can use the cd command. For example, if we type cd dos, it means to change the current directory to the dos directory. After you enter, you see, the prompt becomes C:\ DOS, which means that the current directory has become the DOS directory of disk C. what is the significance of the current directory?

Here, let's enter dir to try, look, now the listed files are not just seen, these are all files in the DOS directory, which means that the dir command lists the contents of the current directory. Also, when we enter the executable file name, DOS will look for the file in the current directory, and if it is not available, DOS will prompt an error message.

So what is the structure of the directory? The directory is tree-shaped. You see, the following is a schematic diagram of the directory structure. This C: represents the top directory, called the root directory, and the other.

All the directories are subdirectories of the root directory, such as DOS,WINDOWS,TOOLS, etc., while the DOS,WINDOWS directory has its own subdirectories, such as the TEMP directory under DOS and the SYSTEM directory under WINDOWS.

We use the CD command to change the current directory, type CD DOS, then the current directory becomes DOS, and sometimes we change the current directory to a subdirectory called entering that subdirectory, that

Now we just enter the DOS directory, and then type CD TEMP, then we will enter the TEMP directory, how to exit the TEMP directory? Just type CD..., enter, and we can go back to the DOS directory. In DOS, these two dots represent the directory above the current directory, a dot represents the current directory, and sometimes we call the upper directory the parent directory. Then type CD..., then enter, and we go back to the root directory of disk C.

Entering a subdirectory of a directory does not need to be done layer by layer with the CD command, but can be done with one line of command. For example, to enter the system subdirectory under the WINDOWS directory, just type CD WINDOWS\ SYSTEM, or type CD C:\ WINDOWS\ SYSTEM. If you want to return to the root directory, you don't have to type CD.. To do this, you can type CD\, which represents the root directory.

When we use the dir command line file list in the subdirectory, we will find that. And... All count as the number of files, but the size is zero.

What if we want to replace other partitions from the current directory to the hard drive? Of course, do not use CD, otherwise I do not have to say, at this time, you should enter the drive letter and enter. For example, if you want to go to disk D, type DRV, and then enter enter. Look, now the prompt becomes D:\ >. Then use the dir command to list the files on disk D.

In fact, to fully express a subdirectory should be a drive letter plus a directory, such as C:\ DOS\ TEMP, what about the complete expression of the file? It is a drive letter plus a directory plus a file name, such as

C:\ DOS\ TEMP\ ME.TXT,C:\ DOS\ TEMP\ is called the path of ME.TXT.

As we said just now, when entering an executable file name, DOS will look for the file in the current directory. If it cannot be found, it will prompt for the wrong file name. But we don't have to change the current directory to the same directory as the file to run it. We can add the full path before the file name. For example, our current directory is C:\ DOS, and we need to run D:\ TEST\ PCT.EXE. Then we can enter D:\ TEST\ PCT.EXE directly so that we can execute files in other directories without changing the current directory.

When the computer is just started, it is necessary to read some system programs from a disk into memory before it can work properly. We call this disk the boot disk.

Usually, we use disk An or disk C as the boot disk. Under special circumstances, other letters of the hard disk and a small number of computer CDs can also be used as boot disks. To make a boot disk, you need to use the sys command, which can be seen in the following command section.

When the DOS system starts, it is necessary to read two system files IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS from the boot disk, and then find and execute CONFIG.SYS, COMMAND.COM and AUTOEXEC.BAT files under the root directory of the boot disk. Among them, IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM are indispensable, otherwise the computer will not be able to start CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT normally. These two files are used to configure the operating environment of the system and execute some commands automatically. They play a vital role in the running performance of the computer and the drivers of many devices. We can modify their contents according to our own needs. Autoexec.bat is called automatic batch files. It is a kind of batch file, because DOS starts it automatically, so it is called automatic batch file. You can put in the program you run every time you start your computer.

If the computer cannot find these two files in the root directory, it can also run, but there are a lot of complex software and devices will not work properly. Such as optical drive, sound card and Windows program. Therefore, beginners should be careful not to delete the above files, otherwise, the computer will not work properly.

At this point, the study of "how beginners learn DOS" is over. I hope to be able to solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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