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This article mainly explains "what are the knowledge points of the Appium framework". Interested friends may wish to take a look. The method introduced in this paper is simple, fast and practical. Next, let the editor take you to learn what are the knowledge points of the Appium framework.

1. Test object

Appium is an open source tool for automating native, mobile Web, and hybrid applications on iOS, Android devices, and Windows desktop platforms.

Native applications refer to those written in iOS, Android, or WindowsSDK.

Mobile web Apps are applications accessed by mobile browsers (Appium supports built-in browsers on Safari, Chrome and Android on iOS).

Hybrid applications comes with a "webview" wrapper-native controls for interacting with Web content.

The important thing is that Appium is cross-platform: it allows you to write tests on multiple platforms with the same API, reusing code between iOS, Android, and Windows test suites.

2. Support platform and language

● appium is cross-platform and supports OSX,Windows and Linux systems. It allows testers to write automated test scripts using the same set of API on different platforms (iOS,Android), which greatly increases the reusability of code between iOS and Android test suites

● appium supports multiple languages and adopts the Cramp S design pattern, as long as client is able to send http requests to server.

3. Working principle

Working principle of APPIUM IOS end

Let's take a look at the working principle of the whole process of APPIUM on iOS through a picture:

Working principle of APPIUM Android end

Let's take a look at the whole process of Android APPIUM through a picture:

Explanation:

The entire arrow points to a completed instruction loop

Webdriver script requires automated testers to write their own test scripts.

I suggest you learn about JSON wire protocol, instruments and UiAutomator.

4. Installation tools

● test languages, such as python

● appium client

● appium server

● mobile devices, which need to be installed if using a virtual machine

5. Environment building

(1) install Android SDK

1. Android SDK (Software Development Kit, Software Development Kit) provides Android API libraries and development tools to build, test and debug applications, which can be seen as a software for developing and running Android applications.

2. Provide gadgets, such as adb, aapt, uiautomatorview

3. The test equipment uses an Android simulator, which must not be skipped.

(2) install appium Server

1. Appium official website: https://pium.app/downloads/

2. Download the appium installation package (AppiumForWindows.zip,appium.dmg)

3. Install and configure the appium environment variable

(3) install python-client

1. Install programming languages, such as python

2. If you install Appium-Client,python, you can use pip to install: pip install Appium-Python-Client

6. Application and operation

① calls appium procedure

1. Configure the parameters of the mobile device and tell the server which mobile device I want to set up.

2. Grab the controls applied on the phone and specify the corresponding controls for operation

3. Operate the crawled controls, such as clicking, filling in parameters, etc.

The first step is to configure the parameters of mobile devices.

The basic configuration of Desired Capabilities for Appium is as follows:

# Android environment

Import unittest

From appium import webdriver

Desired_caps = {}

Desired_caps ['platformName'] =' Android'

Desired_caps ['platformVersion'] =' 4.2'

Desired_caps ['deviceName'] =' Android Emulator'

Desired_caps ['app'] = PATH ('.. / apps/selendroid-test-app.apk')

Desired_caps ['appPackage'] = package

Desired_caps ['appActivity'] = activity

Self.driver = webdriver.Remote ('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps)

Explanation of common parameters:

● deviceName: specify startup devices, such as Android Emulator, iPhone Simulator, etc.

● automationName: specifies the automation engine, default appium

● platformName: specify mobile platform, Android or iOS

● platformVersion: specifies the system version of the platform. For example, specify an Android system version of 4.2

● appActivity: the Activity of the app to be tested. Note that the native app should be preceded by a "."

● appPackage: package name (package) information of the app to be tested

The second step is to grab the controls applied on the phone.

Use the Android SDK built-in tool uiautomatorviewer.bat to view the control parameters of the mobile app (the tool is located in the / tools/bin/ directory)

1. Id positioning

How to use it:

Driver.find_element_by_id ('com.android.contacts:id/three')

2. Name positioning

How to use it:

El = self.driver.find_element_by_name ('missed calls') el = self.driver.find_elements_by_name ('missed calls')

3. Class name positioning

How to use it:

Els = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name ('android.widget.ImageButton') els = self.driver.find_elements_by_class_name (' android.widget.ImageButton')

4. Accessibility ID positioning

How to use it:

El = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id ('3') el = self.driver.find_elements_by_accessibility_id ('3')

5. Android uiautomator positioning

How to use it:

El=self.driver.find_element_by_android_uiautomator ('new UiSelector (). Description (star symbol)')

Els=self.driver.find_elements_by_android_uiautomator ('new UiSelector (). Clickable (false)')

The third step is to operate the control

1.scroll

Scroll (self, origin_el, destination_el):

Scroll from element origin_el to element destination_el

For example: driver.scroll (el1, el2)

Usage: driver.scroll (el1,el2)

2.tap

Tap (self, positions, duration=None):

Simulate finger clicks (up to five fingers) to set the hold time (milliseconds)

Example: driver.tap ([(100,20), (100,60), (100,100)], 500)

Usage: driver.tap ([(xrecoery y), (x1memy1)], 500)

3. Swipe

Swipe (self, start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y, duration=None):

Slide from point A to point B, sliding time is millisecond

Example: driver.swipe (100,100,100,400)

Usage: driver.swipe (x1 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 2 ~ 2500)

4. Keyevent

Keyevent (self, keycode, metastate=None):

Send the key code (Android only), which can be found on the URL.

Usage: driver.keyevent ('4')

5. Press_keycode

Press_keycode (self, keycode, metastate=None):

Send the key code (Android only), which can be found on the URL.

Usage: driver.press_ keycode ('4')

6.text

Text (self):

Returns the text value of the element

Usage: element.text

7.click

Click (self):

Click on the element

Usage: element.click ()

8.get_attribute

Get_attribute (self, name):

Get the related value of an element

Usage: element.get_attribute ("name")

9.size

Size (self):

Gets the size (height and width) of the element

Usage driver.element.size

10. Page_source

Page_source (self):

Get the source of the current page

Usage: driver.page_source

11.quit

Quit (self):

Exit the script and close each related window connection

Example: driver.quit ()

Execution result judgment

When the use case is completed and you need to judge whether it is passed or not, you need to compare it with your expected results. Generally, you can choose to assert to find whether a marker bit is present, or whether the text value of an element is equal to the expected value. You can also compare screenshots with reference pictures, and so on.

At this point, I believe you have a deeper understanding of "what are the knowledge points of the Appium framework?" you might as well do it in practice. Here is the website, more related content can enter the relevant channels to inquire, follow us, continue to learn!

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