What are the basic operation commands of Linux
Xiaobian to share with you what the basic operating commands of Linux, I believe most people still do not know how, so share this article for your reference, I hope you have a lot of harvest after reading this article, let's go to understand it together!
Linux Basic Operating Commands
File and directory management
create and delete
Created by: mkdir
Delete: rm
Delete non-empty directory: rm -rf file directory
delete log rm log (equivalent: $find ./- name "log" -exec rm {} ; )
Move: mv
Copy: cp (Copy directory: cp -r)
Create a file touch
Views
Show files ls in the current directory
Sort by time to display catalog items as a list ls -lrt
ls -l
View file content cat can add more, less to control the size of the output content
cat a.textcat a.text | morecat a.text| less
permissions
Change file owner chown
Change file read, write, execute properties chmod
Recursive subdirectory modification: chown -R tuxapp source/
Add script executable permissions: chmod a+x myscript
Pipeline and redirection
Take the result of the previous command as input to the next command|
Concatenation: Use semicolons;
If the previous item succeeds, execute the next item; otherwise, do not execute: &&
If the previous one fails, the next one will be executed:||
ls /proc && echo suss! || echo failed.
text processing
File search find
There are many find parameters, and this article only introduces a few common ones.
-name Search by name
-type By type
-atime Visit time
find . -atime 7 -type f -printfind . -type d -print //list all directories only find / -name "hello.c" find hello.c file
Text search grep
grep match_patten file //default access to matching rows
common parameters
-o outputs only matching text lines VS -v outputs only text lines without matches
-c Count the number of times a file contains text
grep -c "text" filename
-n Print matching row number
-i Ignore case when searching
-l Print only file names
grep "class" . -R -n #Recursive search for text in multi-level directories (favorite for programmers searching code) cat LOG.* | tr a-z A-Z | grep "FROM " |grep "WHERE" > b #Find all SQL queries with where conditions in the log
Text substitution sed
sed [options] 'command' file(s)
first substitution
sed 's/text/replace_text/' file //Replace the first text match of each line
global substitution
sed 's/text/replace_text/g' file
After default replacement, output the replaced content. If you need to replace the original file directly, use-i:
sed -i 's/text/repalce_text/g' file
Remove blank rows
sed '/^$/d' filed's/book/books/' file #replace strings in text: sed 's/book/books/g'filed'/^$/d' file #delete blank lines
Data stream processing awk
Detailed tutorials can be found at www.example.com... http://awk.readthedocs.io/en/latest/chapte
awk ' BEGIN{ statements } statements2 END{ statements } '
workflow
1. Execute the statement block in begin;
2. Read a line from a file or stdin, then execute statements2, repeating the process until the file is all read;
3. Execute the end statement block;
special variables
NR: indicates the number of records, corresponding to the current line number during execution;
NF: indicates the number of fields, which always corresponds to the number of fields in the current row during execution;
$0: This variable contains the text content of the current line during execution;
$1: Text content of the first field;
$2: Text content of the second field;
awk '{print $2, $3}' file#Log format: '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'#10 most visited IPawk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)print a[i],i| "sort -k1 -nr| head -n10"}' access.log
sort sort
-n Sort numerically VS -d Sort lexicographically
-r reverse sort
-k N specifies sorting by column N
sort -nrk 1 data.txtsort -bd data //Ignoring leading white space characters like spaces
Go heavy uniq
Eliminate duplicate rows
sort unsort.txt | uniq
Statistics WC
wc -l file //count the number of lines wc -w file //count the number of words wc -c file //count the number of characters above is the basic operation command of Linux What are all the contents, thank you for reading! I believe that everyone has a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help everyone, if you still want to learn more knowledge, welcome to pay attention to the industry information channel!
