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This article mainly explains "the comparison of Java popular framework Struts, Hibernate and Spring". The content of the article is simple and clear, easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn "the comparison of Java popular framework Struts, Hibernate and Spring".

I. the generation of Struts, Hibernate and Spring

1 、 Struts

Traditional Java Web applications are implemented by JSP+Servlet+Javabean, which realizes the most basic MVC layering and divides the program structure into several layers, including JSP responsible for foreground presentation, Servlet responsible for process logic control and Javabean responsible for data encapsulation. However, there are still some problems with this structure: for example, JSP pages need to use symbols to embed a lot of Java code, resulting in page structure confusion, Servlet and Javabean responsible for a lot of jump and computing work, tight coupling, low program reuse and so on.

In order to solve these problems, there is a Struts framework, which is a perfect MVC implementation, it has a central control class (a Servlet), for different business, we need an Action class responsible for page jump and background logic operation, one or more JSP pages responsible for data input and output display, and a Form class responsible for transferring data between Action and JSP. A set of tags provided by the Struts framework can be used in JSP as simple as using HTML tags, but very complex logic can be accomplished. There is no need for a single line of enclosed Java code to appear in the JSP page from now on.

2 、 Hibernate

However, putting all the operation logic in the Action of Struts will make the Action class low reuse and logic confusion, so people usually divide the whole Web application into three layers. Struts is responsible for the display layer, which calls the business layer to complete the operation logic, and the business layer calls the persistence layer to read and write the database.

Using JDBC connection to read and write database, we most often open the database connection, use complex SQL statements to read and write, close the connection, and the obtained data needs to be converted or encapsulated and transmitted to the outside, which is a very tedious process.

Then came the Hibernate framework, which requires you to create a series of persistence classes, the properties of each class can be simply seen as one-to-one correspondence with the properties of a database table, of course, you can also achieve the correspondence of various table associations in the relational database. When we need to do something, we don't have to pay attention to the database tables. We no longer need to query the database line by line, only need to persist the class to complete the function of adding, deleting, changing and querying. Make our software development truly object-oriented, not messy code. My feeling is that using Hibernate reduces the amount of programming by 80% compared with the JDBC approach.

3 、 Spring

Now we have three layers, but what about the calls between each layer? For example, if the Struts of the display layer needs to call a business class, it needs to new a business class and then use it; the business layer needs to call the persistence layer class and new a persistence layer class to use it. Calling each other through this new approach is the embodiment of the worst design in software development. To put it simply, the caller depends on the callee, and there is a strong coupling between them, and if I want to reuse a class elsewhere, other classes that this class depends on also need to be included. The program becomes very messy, each class depends on each other and calls each other, and the degree of reuse is very low. If a class is modified, many of the classes that depend on it will be affected. For this reason, the Spring framework appears.

The role of Spring is to completely decouple the dependencies between classes. If a class depends on something, it is an interface. As for how to implement this interface, it doesn't matter. As long as you get a class that implements this interface, you can easily inject the implementation class into the class that calls the interface through the xml configuration file. This dependency between all classes is completely replaced by configuration files. So the core of the Spring framework is the so-called dependency injection and control inversion.

The current structure is that Struts is responsible for the display layer, Hibernate is responsible for the persistence layer, and Spring is responsible for the middle business layer. This structure is currently the most popular Java Web application architecture in China. In addition, because Spring uses dependency injection and AOP (aspect-oriented programming), its internal model is so excellent that Spring itself has implemented a MVC framework that uses dependency injection, called Spring MVC. At the same time, in order to deal with things well, Spring integrates Hibernate, which promotes the management of things from the persistence layer of Hibernate to the business layer, making it more convenient and powerful to use.

Second, the advantages of Struts, Hibernate and Spring

1 、 struts

In order to explain in more detail the Java framework widely used by modern software engineers, here we introduce the subsequent version of ApacheStruts1, Struts2. Struts2 is used to build contemporary JavaEEWeb applications. The Apache Software Foundation provides developers with a wide range of tools for creating enterprise-level Web-oriented applications that optimize the development process throughout, even late maintenance, to optimize the development process and post-maintenance to the end. If you are worried about a high-load system, such as a broadcast portal, then Struts will be your best choice.

Because Struts2 implements the Action class (a plain POJO object), it takes less effort to test and write code. With the framework API, coupling becomes easier, helping to adjust the interceptor.

2 、 Hibernate

Hibernate is an open source object-relational mapping framework, which encapsulates JDBC with very lightweight objects, so that Java programmers can use object programming thinking to manipulate the database at will.

Hibernate can be used in any situation where JDBC is used, not only in the client program of Java, but also in the Web application of Servlet/JSP. The most revolutionary thing is that Hibernate can replace CMP in the J2EE architecture of EJB to complete the important task of data persistence.

Most developers often adopt the idea of creating separate data persistence layers. Once the underlying data structure changes, the cost of modifying the rest of the application to adapt to the change will be enormous. Hibernate fills this gap timely, providing an easy-to-use and efficient object-relational mapping framework for Java applications. Hibernate is a lightweight persistence framework, but it is very functional.

Although Hibemate is not on the RebelLabs list, it is still a Java framework worth mentioning. This mapping Java framework solves the problem of mismatch between objects and relationships and uses continuous database access operations to replace high-level object processing functions. Applications in each enterprise are different, so Hibernate comes with a powerful suite of features to help back-end developers fine-tune the data access layer. This is an advanced ORM framework that allows you to perform database operations on Java objects (entities). Using Hibernate caching to persist data from the Java environment to the database is a persistence concept.

3 、 Spring

It is an open source project and is currently very active; it is based on IoC (Inversion of Control) and AOP to build a multi-tier j2ee system framework, but it does not force you to use Spring in each layer, because it is very modular and allows you to choose one of its modules according to your own needs. It implements a very elegant MVC, provides a unified interface for different data access technologies, uses IoC to easily implement bean assembly, provides a concise AOP and implements Transcation Managment, and so on.

It is not without reason that Spring has reached the top with an absolute advantage, and it has become the best-known Java framework mainly because:

1. Use POJO to simplify the injection of test data.

two。 Enhanced modularity makes the code more readable.

3. Decoupling between different modules.

4. Flexible application of dependency injection (DI).

III. Shortcomings of Struts, Hibernate and Spring

1.struts

Taglib is a big advantage of Struts, but for beginners, it takes a continuous learning process and can even disrupt your web writing habits, but when people get used to it, you will think it's really great.

Struts divides the Controller of MVC into three, which not only obtains a clearer structure, but also increases the complexity of the system.

ActionForms is inconvenient to use and cannot be unit tested (StrutsTestCase can only be used for integration)

2.Hibernate

It limits the object model that people use. (for example, a persistence class cannot map to multiple tables.) its unique interface and poor market share are also disturbing, but Hibernate mitigates these risks with its strong momentum. There are some other open source persistence frameworks, but none of them have as much market impact as Hibernate.

3 、 Spring

The number of users is small, and there is a lot of code to be written in jsp.

Thank you for reading, the above is the content of "the comparison of Java popular framework Struts, Hibernate and Spring". After the study of this article, I believe you have a deeper understanding of the comparison of Java popular framework Struts, Hibernate and Spring, and the specific use needs to be verified in practice. Here is, the editor will push for you more related knowledge points of the article, welcome to follow!

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