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This article introduces the relevant knowledge of "what are the upgrade objects of the linux system". In the operation of actual cases, many people will encounter such a dilemma, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

1. Upgrade general software

Generally speaking, upgrading applications is relatively simple, because you don't have to care too much about the impact on other software after upgrading (if you upgrade the system, the situation is different). First of all, you must find the new version you want to upgrade. You can find your favorite software on the special site of Linux. Then use various download tools to download the software to the specified directory. Most of the downloaded software are gzip compressed files packaged in tar.

Before working with the software, it's best to use the tar tvf or tar ztvf command to see what files are included in the downloaded file. Because the resulting software may be a binary file or source code, you can use the above command to see what kind of file it is.

If it is a binary file, you can generally open the package directly and delete the corresponding old file.

If it is a source file, pay attention to the help and installation files in the package (readme / install / help), and so on. Then open the software to the specified directory and take a closer look at the prompts and installation conventions in the help and installation files before installing. At this point, the installation work means compiling the source code. First of all, it is necessary to modify the Makefile file, the contents and methods of modification can often be found in the relevant files in the software package, and sometimes the package contains a shell program configure, which can save a lot of time. After processing the makefile, you can use the make command to compile the specified file. Finally, use the make install command to install the software on your computer.

two。 Upgrade the compiler

We can first look at our current gcc version with the "gcc-v" command, and then decide whether to upgrade or not. When we need to upgrade our gcc, connectors, assemblers and various header files and function libraries, we can get the corresponding software packages on the relevant sites, and then start typing in the specified directory, while deleting (overwriting) the original old files.

3. Upgrade function library

Because the connection of the library has to be re-specified after the upgrade, the function library is more troublesome. As we know, the library files of Linux system can be divided into two types: archive library and shared library. The files of archives are generally libx.a, while those of shared libraries are usually libx.so.version, so you must use a new version when upgrading the function library. An and. The so.version file replaces the corresponding file in the previous version. Yes. A file is very easy, just copy the new file to the specified directory and overwrite the original file. But we have to be very careful when we operate on shared libraries. Never simply copy a new file to a directory and delete the old one. Because it is possible that the old library is being used by a program. We must make sure that every program can find the shared library correctly. Simply, when we put the new version of the shared library file in the specified directory, use the ln command to complete:

Ln-sf / usr/lib/libdb.so.new ("new" means the new version number)

/ usr/lib/libdb.so.old ("old" is the original file)

For example: / usr/lib/libdb.so.2 used to point to the file / usr/llib/libdb.so.2.0.1, but now there is a new file / usr/lib/libdb.so.2.78.1, which we can handle as follows: ln-sf / usr/lib/libdb.so.2.78.1 / usr/lib/libdb.so.2; then we can delete the / usr/lib/libdb.so.2.0.1 file.

4. System upgrade

The easiest way to upgrade is, of course. The whole system can be completely included in a cd-rom. Of course, such an upgrade method is laborious, and each upgrade means that the original files may be lost, so there is no need to reinstall the system all the time. Each Linux distribution is actually a file that records the upgrade. For example, there is a changelog.txt file in slackware that records the update status of slackware in chronological order. In RedHat, it is / redhat-4.2/updates/00readme.errata. We can see from these files whether an upgrade is needed. Then find the appropriate part of the package and use installpkg filename or rpm-U filename to install the package on your computer.

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