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Editor today to take you to understand the basic concept of installed BIOS and hard disk partition how to understand, the knowledge points in the article are introduced in great detail. Friends who feel helpful can browse the content of the article together with the editor, hoping to help more friends who want to solve this problem to find the answer to the problem. Follow the editor to learn more about "how to understand the basic concepts of BIOS and hard disk partition".

When we install a system on a computer, the first thing we must do is to enter the BIOS interface. BIOS is between hardware and operating system, which is essentially a software.

BIOS is the abbreviation of Basic Input Output System, which means basic input and output system. It is a system between hardware and operating system. It is essentially a software that is integrated on the motherboard. Intel later upgraded the BIOS specification, and BIOS was upgraded to UEFI BIOS. New computers generally use UEFI BIOS, and can be configured to choose the traditional BIOS, also known as legacy.

When using UEFI BIOS, UEFI needs to access the EFI partition to find the boot file for the operating system.

There is also an option for Secure Boot at the time of installation, which itself is for security, but has been evolved by Microsoft into a tool to prevent changing pre-installed Windows systems to other systems, so this option is recommended to be turned off.

For use in a Linux system that I have access to, use fdisk-l to check hard disk partitions:

Root@tao-PC:/boot# fdisk-l / dev/sda

Disk / dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors

Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I take O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disklabel type: gpt

Disk identifier: 7FB53ABC-61C6-43F7-B32D-2EC645A394CA

Device Start End Sectors Size Type

/ dev/sda1 2048 2050047 2048000 1000M BIOS boot

/ dev/sda2 2050048 2582527 532480 260M EFI System

/ dev/sda3 2582528 2844671 262144 128M Microsoft reserved

/ dev/sda4 2844672 317433855 314589184 150G Microsoft basic data

/ dev/sda5 317435904 527149055 209713152 100G Microsoft basic data

/ dev/sda6 527151104 736864255 209713152 100G Microsoft basic data

/ dev/sda7 736866304 841721855 104855552 50G Microsoft basic data

/ dev/sda8 841723904 946579455 104855552 50G Microsoft basic data

/ dev/sda9 946581504 976773119 30191616 14.4G Windows recovery environment

Use the parted command to check the current partition situation, and enter the p instruction after parted

Root@tao-PC:/boot# parted

GNU Parted 3.2

Using / dev/sda

Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) p

Model: ATA ST500LM021-1KJ15 (scsi)

Disk / dev/sda: 500GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B

Partition Table: gpt

Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

1 1049kB 1050MB 1049MB hidden, bios_grub

2 1050MB 1322MB 273MB fat32 EFI system partition boot, esp

3 1322MB 1456MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres

4 1456MB 163GB 161GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata

5 163GB 270GB 107GB ext4 Basic data partition msftdata

6 270GB 377GB 107GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata

7 377GB 431GB 53.7GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata

8 431GB 485GB 53.7GB ntfs Basic data partition msftdata

9 485GB 500GB 15.5GB ntfs hidden, diag

Disklabel type: gpt

Partition Table: gpt means that the partition table replaces the traditional mbr for gpt,gpt, using gpt can support larger hard drives of more than 2T, but mbr is not. Therefore, the current UEFI boot all cooperate with the gpt partition table.

The value on my other computer is dos

The first partition / dev/sda1, the type is BIOS boot,Flags and the tag is hidden, bios_grub. Under traditional BIOS legacy, if the hard disk uses the gpt partition table, it is necessary to create such a BIOS BOOT partition.

The second partition / dev/sda2, the type is EFI System,Flags tag is boot, esp, this is the ESP partition mentioned earlier, and the file system is fat32, that is, the bootstrap of the system is called from this partition in UEFI mode

/ dev/sda5 is the partition where I installed the linux system, mounted to the root directory, and the file system is ext4

Other partitions are those bought by computers and are related to the win system

Use lsblk to list block device information-f display file system

Root@tao-PC:/boot# lsblk-f

NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT

Sda

├─ sda1

├─ sda2 vfat SYSTEM_DRV B467-E8A8

├─ sda3

├─ sda4 ntfs Windows8_OS 8A461C98461C875B / media/tao/Windows8_OS

├─ sda5 ext4 e297ae56-7c17-48ea-aac5-f26c1e5cad84 /

├─ sda6 ntfs Entertainment 7C387F10387EC8A2 / media/tao/ Entertainment

├─ sda7 ntfs Office CC5A23C35A23A8E2 / media/tao/ Office

├─ sda8 ntfs Software 4E8CEF168CEEF6FD / media/tao/ Software

└─ sda9 ntfs Lenovo_Recovery CE3C64723C64578B

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