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2025-02-24 Update From: SLTechnology News&Howtos shulou NAV: SLTechnology News&Howtos > Servers >
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KVM virtual machine:
1.KVM, short for Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is an open source system virtualization module that has been integrated in major releases of Linux since Linux 2.6.20. It is managed by Linux's own scheduler, so its core source code is relatively small compared to Xen. KVM has become one of the mainstream VMM in academic circles.
2.KVM virtualization requires hardware support (such as Intel VT technology or AMD V technology). Is full virtualization based on hardware. In the early days, Xen was based on software simulation of Para-Virtualization, while the new version was based on full virtualization supported by hardware. But Xen itself has its own process scheduler, storage management module and so on, so the code is relatively large. The widely spread commercial system virtualization software VMware ESX series is Full-Virtualization based on software simulation.
Virtualization development process:
IDC data center equipment lease → proposed a virtualization solution, OpenVZ → sharing optimization appeared Xen, proposed semi-virtual architecture, but the operation of complex → into full virtual KVM, do not need to contact with the kernel, only need to install management tools
Case Overview
1. The utilization rate of some Linux servers in the company is not high. In order to make full use of these Linux servers, KVM can be deployed to run multiple business systems on physical machines.
two。 For example, on a server running Nginx. Deploy KVM on the, and then run Tomcat on the virtual machine
Case pre-knowledge point
KVM Virtualization Architecture
The KVM module is directly integrated into the Linux kernel
KVM Driver:
1. Virtual machine creation
two。 Virtual machine memory allocation
3. Virtual CPU register read and write
4. Virtual CPU running
QEMU (simplified and modified):
1. User control components that simulate PC hardware
two。 Provide Icano device model and access to peripherals
There are three modes of KVM virtualization:
1. Customer mode (virtual machine)
two。 User mode (tool)
3. Kernel mode
Demo:
Environmental preparation:
[root@client dev] # fdisk / dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
The changes remain in memory until you decide to write them to disk.
Think twice before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Create a new DOS disk label using the disk identifier 0xba1e8e30.
Command (enter m for help): n # enter n
Partition type:
P primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
E extended
Select (default p): P # enter p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Start sector (2048-41943039, default is 2048):
The default value of 2048 will be used
Last sector, + sector or + size {K _ Magne _ M _ G} (2048-41943039, default is 41943039):
The default value of 41943039 will be used
Partition 1 has been set to type Linux and the size is set to 20 GiB
Command (enter m for help): W # enter w to save exit
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl () to re-read partition table.
Synchronizing disks.
[root@client dev] # mkfs / dev/sdb1 # format
Mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
File system label =
OS type: Linux
Block size = 4096 (log=2)
Chunk size = 4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block = 0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode table: complete
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@client dev] # mkdir / data # create mount
[root@client dev] # mount / dev/sdb1 / data/
[root@client data] # df-hT
File system type capacity used available used mount point
/ dev/sdb1 ext2 20G 44m 19G 1% / data
# now shows that it has been mounted
# the folder with CentOS 7 image files on the computer needs to be shared. Set the account Everyone to read it, and then use smbclient-L to view the mount.
[root@client data] # smbclient-L / / 192.168.10.190 /
Enter SAMBA\ root's password:
OS= [Windows 10 Home China 18363] Server= [Windows 10 Home China 6.3]
Sharename Type Comment
Database DiskF$ Disk default share gfs DiskIPC$ IPC remote IPCISO Diskrpm Disk # now shows that the ISO folder is shared
[root@client data] # mount.cifs / / 192.168.10.190/ISO / mnt
Password for root@//192.168.10.190/ISO:
[root@client data] # df-
File system capacity used available used% mount point
/ dev/sdb1 20G 44m 19G 1% / data
/ / 192.168.10.190/ISO 226G 173G 54G 77% / mnt
# this shows that the file was successfully mounted in the mnt directory
[root@client data] # cd / mnt/
[root@client mnt] # ls
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso
Install KVM: [root @ client mnt] # yum list # self-test [root@client mnt] # yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"-y # Desktop Environment [root@client mnt] # yum install qemu-kvm- y # KVM Module [root@client mnt] # yum install qemu-kvm-tools-y # KVM debugging tool [root@client mnt] # yum install virt-install-y # Command worker to build a virtual machine With [root@client mnt] # yum install qemu-img-y # qemu component Create disk Launch virtual machine [root@client mnt] # yum install bridge-utils-y # Network support tool [root@client mnt] # yum install libvirt-y # Virtual Machine Management tool [root@client mnt] # yum install virt-manager-y # Image Management Virtual Machine [root@client mnt] # egrep'(vmx | svm)'/ proc/cpuinfo # to see if virtualization [root@client mnt] # lsmod | grep kvm is supported # check whether KVM installs kvm_intel 170086 0kvm 566340 1 kvm_intelirqbypass 13503 1 kvm [root@client mnt] # systemctl start libvirtd [root@client mnt] # systemctl enable libvirtd # Boot
Configure the bridging instance:
[root@client mnt] # cd / data/
[root@client data] # mkdir vdisk viso
[root@client data] # ls
Lost+found vdisk viso
[root@client data] # cp-r / mnt/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso / data/viso/
[root@client data] # ls viso/
CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso
[root@client data] # cd / etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@client network-scripts] # cp-p ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@client network-scripts] # ifconfig
Ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
Inet 192.168.18.145 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.18.255
Inet6 fe80::6a0c:e6a0:7978:3543 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
Ether 00:0c:29:a4:cb:c7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6559352 bytes 9624037086 (8.9 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 364406 bytes 30690747 (29.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
. Multiple lines are omitted here
[root@client network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-ens33
# press o at the last line to insert
BRIDGE=br0
# Press Esc to exit the insert mode after the insertion is completed, and enter: wq save and exit
[root@client network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-br0
TYPE= "bridge" # Ethernet changed to bridge
PROXY_METHOD= "none"
BROWSER_ONLY= "no"
BOOTPROTO= "static" # dhcp changed to static
DEFROUTE= "yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL= "no"
IPV6INIT= "yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF= "yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE= "yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL= "no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE= "stable-privacy"
NAME= "br0" # ens33 changed to br0
DEVICE= "br0" # ens33 changed to br0
ONBOOT= "yes"
IPADDR=192.168.18.145 # enter the IP address of ens33
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # enter the subnet mask
GATEWAY=192.168.18.1 # input Gateway
# modify exit insertion mode, enter: wq save exit
[root@client network-scripts] # service network restart # restart the network service
Restarting network (via systemctl): [OK]
[root@client network-scripts] # ifconfig
Br0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
Inet 192.168.18.145 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.18.255
Inet6 fe80::e169:c641:eeea:50f7 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
Ether 00:0c:29:a4:cb:c7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 20 bytes 1298 (1.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 35 bytes 4588 (4.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
Ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
Ether 00:0c:29:a4:cb:c7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 6559967 bytes 9624087097 (8.9 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 364793 bytes 30733147 (29.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
. The following omits multiple lines
# after bridging, the original ens33 network card IP was transferred to br0.
Go back to the graphical interface and enter:
[root@client ~] # virt-manager
This will pop out of the virtual system manager interface and we need to add a storage pool
After customizing the pool name, click Browse directory, select directory / data/vdisk, find the folder directory where we mounted CentOS7, and click finish.
Then click add New Volume
Add mirrored storage pool: iso, click forward, and select the path / data/viso
After the creation, you can click the file → in the upper left corner to close it.
Select New Virtual Machine in the file in the upper left corner of Virtual system Manager
To install the operating system locally, click forward
Use ISO image: click Browse, select iso storage pool, find the mirror, and click Select Volume
Click forward again, enter 2048 in memory, and then click forward
Select or create custom storage, click manage, select disk storage pool, click the previous volume, click select volume
Then click forward, and then click finish, which will take you to the Centos7 installation interface:
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