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The main function of node js is to write web applications like Web servers, and because Node.js is event-driven, developers can develop a server that can host high concurrency without using threads.

This article operating environment: Windows7 system, nodejs10.16.2 version, Dell G3 computer.

Node.js is an open source, cross-platform execution environment that can run JavaScript on the server side. Node.js is owned and maintained by OpenJS Foundation (formerly Node.js Foundation, merged with JS Foundation) and is also a project of the Linux Foundation. Node.js uses V8 developed by Google to execute code, uses technologies such as event-driven, non-blocking and asynchronous input-output models to improve performance, and optimizes the transmission volume and scale of applications. These techniques are commonly used in data-intensive real-time applications.

Most of the basic modules of Node.js are written in JavaScript. Before the advent of Node.js, JavaScript was usually used as a client programming language, and programs written in JavaScript were often executed on users' browsers. The advent of Node.js enables JavaScript to also be used for server-side programming. Node.js contains a series of built-in modules that allow programs to be executed as stand-alone servers without Apache HTTP Server or IIS.

At present, Node.js has been adopted by IBM, Microsoft, Yahoo! [10], Walmart, Groupon, SAP, LinkedIn, Rakuten, PayPal, Voxer, GoDaddy and other enterprises.

Overview

Node.js can write server-side applications and network-related applications through JavaScript and a series of modules. [20] [21] [22] the core module includes file system Icano, network (HTTP, TCP, UDP, DNS, TLS/SSL, etc.), binary data stream, encryption algorithm, data flow and so on. [21] [23] the API form of Node module is simple, which reduces the complexity of programming.

Use the framework to speed up development. Commonly used frameworks are Express.js, Socket.IO, Connect and so on. [24] Node.js programs can be run on Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X and other servers. Node.js can also use CoffeeScript, an alternative language designed to simplify JavaScript, whose code can be converted into legitimate JavaScript code according to certain rules, TypeScript (a JavaScript variant developed by Microsoft that enhances data types), Dart, and other languages that can be compiled into JavaScript.

Node.js is mainly used to write web applications like Web servers, which is similar to PHP and Python. But the biggest difference between Node.js and other languages is that languages such as PHP are blocking (subsequent commands are executed only after the previous command has been executed), while Node.js is non-blocking (multiple commands can be run at the same time, and the callback function tells you that the command has finished running).

Node.js is event-driven. Developers can develop a server that can host high concurrency without using threads. Other server-side languages are difficult to develop highly concurrent applications, and even if they are developed, the performance is not satisfactory. It is under this premise that Node.js was created. Node.js combines the ease of learning and use of JavaScript with the power of Unix network programming.

Node.js uses the Google V8 JavaScript engine because:

V8 is open source software based on BSD license

V8 is very fast.

V8 focuses on network functions and is more mature in HTTP, DNS, TCP, etc.

Node.js already has hundreds of thousands of modules, which can be downloaded for free through a manager called npm. The Node.js development community mainly has two mailing lists and an IRC channel called # node.js on freenode. The community is concentrated in NodeConf.

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