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The international classification of computers is based on the performance of computers. Computers can be divided into supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers, workstations and servers.

The international classification of computers is based on the performance of computers.

According to the performance of computers, computers are divided into supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers, workstations and servers.

Related introduction:

Computer (computer), commonly known as computer, is a modern electronic computing machine for high-speed computing, which can not only carry out numerical calculation, but also logical calculation, but also has the function of storage and memory. It is a modern intelligent electronic device that can run according to the program and process large amounts of data automatically and at high speed.

It is composed of hardware system and software system, and the computer without any software is called bare metal. It can be divided into five categories: supercomputer, industrial control computer, network computer, personal computer and embedded computer. The more advanced computers are biological computer, photon computer, quantum computer and so on.

Computer inventor John von Neumann. Computer is one of the most advanced scientific and technological inventions in the 20th century, which has an extremely important impact on human production and social activities, and develops rapidly with strong vitality. Its application field has expanded from the initial military scientific research to all fields of society, and has formed a large-scale computer industry, which has led to global technological progress, which has led to profound social changes. computers have spread throughout ordinary schools, enterprises and institutions, entered the homes of ordinary people, and become an indispensable tool in the information society.

The application of computer is becoming more and more common in China. After the reform and opening up, the number of computer users in China continues to rise, and the level of application continues to improve, especially in the fields of Internet, communications, multimedia and so on. From 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users increased from 6.3 million to 67.1 million, and the number of networked computers increased from 29000 to 59.4 million. The number of Internet users has reached 316 million, and the wireless Internet has 670 million mobile users, of which 117 million are mobile Internet users, ranking first in the world.

The first generation: tube digital machine (1946-1958)

In terms of hardware, the logic element uses vacuum tube, the main memory uses mercury delay line, cathode ray oscilloscope tube electrostatic memory, magnetic drum, magnetic core, and the external memory uses magnetic tape. Machine language and assembly language are used in software. The main application fields are military and scientific computing.

The disadvantages are large size, high power consumption and poor reliability. Slow (usually thousands to tens of thousands of times per second) and expensive, but laid the foundation for future computer development.

The second generation: transistor digital machine (1958-1964)

The application fields of operating systems, high-level languages and their compilers in software are mainly scientific computing and transaction processing, and begin to enter the field of industrial control. It is characterized by reduced size, reduced energy consumption, improved reliability, improved operation speed (generally 100000 times per second, up to 3 million times), and the performance is much higher than that of the first generation computer.

The third generation: integrated circuit digital machines (1964-1970)

In terms of hardware, the logic components use small and medium-scale integrated circuits (MSI, SSI), and the main memory still uses magnetic cores. In the aspect of software, there are time-sharing operating system and structured and large-scale programming methods. It is characterized by faster speed (usually millions to tens of millions of times per second), significant improvement in reliability, further decline in prices, and products moving towards generalization, serialization and standardization. The field of application begins to enter the field of word processing and graphics and image processing.

The fourth generation: large-scale integrated circuit computers (1970-present)

In terms of hardware, the logic components use large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits (LSI and VLSI). In the aspect of software, there are database management system, network management system and object-oriented language. In 1971, the world's first microprocessor was born in Silicon Valley in the United States, ushering in a new era of microcomputers. The application field is gradually moving from scientific computing, transaction management and process control to the family.

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