Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Ls

Displays everything in the current directory.

The scope of this command: RedHat, RHEL, Ubuntu, CentOS, SUSE, openSUSE, Fedora.

1. Grammar

Ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

2. List of options

Option

Description

-- version

Display command version information

-- help

Show help documentation

-a |-- all

List all the files

-A |-- almost-all

List all files, but do not include. Or... Beginning of the file

-- author

Use with "- l" to print out the author of each file

-b |-- escape

Output the non-exportable characters in the file name as "\ + character encoding". Code in octal

-- block-size = SIZE

Set the bytes of block

-B |-- ignore-backups

Do not list implicit entries that end with "~". It is actually a backup file.

-c

Sorted by the time the state of the file changes when used with "- lt" and sorted by name when used with "- l"

-C

Multi-column display results, default option

-- color [= WHEN]

Display different files in highlighted color. The values can be always, never, auto

-d |-- directory

Only the directory name is displayed, not the contents of the directory. Do not display the directory that the symbolic link points to

-D |-- dired

Output designed for Emacs's dired pattern

-f

Do not sort, enable "- aU", turn off "- ls-color"

-F |-- classify

After each output item, append the file type identifier.

*, which represents a normal file with executable permissions.

/, which represents the directory.

@, which represents symbolic links.

|, represents a named pipeline.

=, representing the socket.

-- file-type

Same as "- F", but does not output *

-- format = WORD

Span-x, comma-m, horizontal-x, long-l, single column-1, detailed-l, vertical-c

-- full-time

Show the full time,-l-- time-style=full-iso

-g

Same as "- l", but does not show the owner

-- group-directories-first

Group the directories in front of the files, but any use of "--sort" disables grouping.

-G |-- no-group

Do not print the group name in the long list

-h

Display in a more readable way, used with "- l"

-si

Same as "- h", but with 1000 digits instead of 1024

-H |-- dereference-command-line

Follow the symbolic links listed on the command line

-- dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir

Follow each command line symbolic link to the directory

-- hide = PATTERN

Do not list implicit entries that match the shell pattern (overridden by-an or-A)

-- indicator-style = WORD

Append an indicator with a style word to the item name: none (default), slash (- p), file type (- file type), category (- F)

-I

Show the index node of the file

-I |-- ignore = PATTERN

Do not list implied entries that match the shell pattern

-k

Equivalent to "--block-size=1K"

-L |-- dereference

When displaying file information for symbolic links, display information about the link referencing the file, not the link itself.

-l

Display in long format

-m

Display horizontally, separating files with "," and a space

-n |-- numeric-uid-gid

Similar to-l, but lists the user ID and group ID.

-N |-- literal

Print the original entry name (do not specifically deal with control characters)

-o

Same as the option "- l", but does not display group information

-p |-- indicator-style = slash

Add a slash "/" in front of the directory

-Q |-- hide-control-chars

Characters that cannot be displayed, use "?" Replace

-- show-control-chars

Display non-graphic characters as is

-Q |-- quote-name

Enclose the item name in double quotation marks

-- quoting-style = WORD

Use a reference style word for the entry name: literal,locale,shell,shell-always,c,escape

-r |-- reverse

When sorting, sort in reverse by file name

-R |-- recursive

Recursively display subdirectories

-s |-- size

Displays the file size in blocks. The default is 1024k.

-S

Sort by file size

-t

Sort in descending order according to the modification time of the file

-- sort = WORD

Sort by specified requirements, not by name: no sort (- U), extension (- X), size (- S), time (- t), version (- v)

-- time = WORD

With "- l", the time is displayed as specified, not modified: atime (- u), access (- u), use (- u), ctime (- c), or state (- c); if "--sort=time" is specified, the specified time is used as the sort key.

-- time-style = STYLE

With "- l", the time is displayed in the specified style: full-iso,long-iso,locale,+FORMAT. FORMAT is interpreted as "date"; if the format is FORMAT1FORMAT2,FORMAT1 for non-recent files, FORMAT2 applies to recent files; if the style is prefixed with "POSIX-", the style takes effect only outside the POSIX locale.

-T |-- tabsize = COLS

Refers to the size of the custom table character. The default is 8.

-u

Use with "- lt": sort by access time and display; use with "- l": display access time, sort by name; other cases: sort by access time

-U

Do not sort; list entries in catalog order

-v

Naturally sorted (version) numbers in text

-w |-- width = COLS

Sets the screen width instead of the current value

-x

List entries by line rather than by

-X

Sort alphabetically by input extension

-1

List one file per line

-- lcontext

Displays the security context. Enable "- l". The line may be too wide for most monitors.

-Z,-- context

Displays the security context to fit most displays. Only modes, users, groups, security contexts, and file names are displayed.

-- scontext

Only the security context and file name are displayed.

3. Description

By default, the use of colors to distinguish file types is disabled, and "--color=never" is used. Ls issues a color code only when the standard output is connected to the terminal. The LS_CONERS environment variable can be changed and set using the dircolors command.

The size can be KB,1000;K,1024,;MB,1000*1000;M,1024*1024

4. Examples

1) display all files and append file types to the end

[root@localhost weijie] # ls-lF

The total dosage is 1072

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 September 09:11 1.c

-rw-r--r-- 3 root root 358400 September 7 15:46 link

-rw-r--r-- 3 root root 358400 September 7 15:46 link1

Lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root June 10 12:13 link2-> my.iso

-rw-r--r-- 3 root root 358400 September 7 15:46 my.iso

Drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 September 10 11:33 test/

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 September 10 16:10 test02/

Drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 September 10 11:35 testt/

-rw- 1 root root 7 September 14:55 wj234.q1C

Drwx- 2 root root 4096 September 7 14:50 wjtpflR/

2) display the directory name, not the contents under the directory

[root@localhost /] # ls / weijie/ list all files in the weijie directory

1.c link link1 link2 my.iso test test02 testt wj234.q1C wjtpflR

[root@localhost /] # ls-ld / weijie/ displays only the information of the weijie directory itself

Drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 September 10 15:28 / weijie/

[root@localhost /] #

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