Shulou(Shulou.com)06/03 Report--

In Internet companies, basically all server-side applications, large and small, are deployed on Linux servers. Since I used to work in a foreign company, the applications developed need to rely on Windows's API, so the programs are deployed on Windows Server, resulting in only a superficial knowledge of Linux. So take advantage of this time to systematically learn the basic knowledge of the Linux operating system. Not proficient, but proficient at work, such as writing some Shell scripts, configuring some environment variables, deploying some programs, and so on. Happened to turn to the bookcase inside the book "Unix introduction Classic", we all know that Linux is a Finnish graduate student Linus Torvalds based on Unix development of Unix-like system, so it is easy to read.

The Unix operating system was born in 1969 at AT&T 's Bell Labs, a company that many people may not have heard of, but the things created by Bell Labs must be familiar to everyone, such as the Cpenice + programming language, transistors, solar cells, lasers and so on. After the production of this operating system, Bell Labs can get its source code for a small fee to expand its usage. Because teachers in many colleges and universities buy it for teaching, so that after graduation, students in colleges and universities work in enterprises, and because they are familiar with Unix, they will purchase Unix for use at work, so this has laid a good foundation for the wide use of Unix.

In the long river of the development of science and technology, there are many versions based on the Unix operating system, and the two most basic bifurcations are AT&T System V and BSD (Berkley Software Distribution). Based on the bifurcation of these two systems, many versions of the Unix operating system have evolved to meet different application scenarios. For example, the more famous ones are Sun Microsystem's Solaris Unix, IBM AIX, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Fedora Core, Mac OS X, Free BSD, Open BSD and so on. Many vendors want to standardize Unix, one of the most successful products of IEEE, the POSIX standard. Although not all Unix are produced according to this standard, most of them follow the main principles of the standard.

As a mature and popular operating system, responsible for dealing with the underlying hardware, some of the core components of the system are essential. The components of Unix are: kernel, shell, file system, utility.

The kernel controls memory, processes, input and output devices, file system operations and other core functions, it is constructed for specific hardware, so when you run the kernel running on the Intel processor on other processors, you need to change the kernel to adapt to the new processor, but with the development of the operating system, many derivative versions have made good compatibility, there is no need for us to change.

Shell is a command line interpreter that provides a lot of instructions for us to use. We can operate the Unix operating system by typing shell instructions in the terminal, and of course, rookies who do not know the shell command can also use the graphical interface to operate. There are many kinds of shell, and there are three kinds of shell in most operating systems. Bourne shell (most widely used), C shell improves some of the shortcomings of Bourne shell, similar to the C language, changing the shortcomings while introducing other shortcomings. Korn shell improves the shortcomings of C shell and combines the advantages of Bourne shell and C shell, but because it requires a license, it is not popular.

The file system provides us with the function of manipulating files, and we often need to use mail receiving software. Internet Internet program is also a very important component of Unix.

The above is a brief overview of the Unix operating system. I will continue to study the following chapters and share and discuss with my friends after learning.

Welcome to follow my official account: Manon Nick, let's study together.

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