Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

I. the foundation of the application program

Transfer the software to LINUX

Yum install lrzsz

(note: LINUX should be able to connect to the Internet, ping × × w.qq.com)

The relationship between application program and system command

File location

System commands: generally in / bin and / sbin directories, or Shell internal instructions

Applications: usually in / usr/bin and / usr/sbin directories

Main use

System commands: complete the basic management of the system, such as IP configuration tools

Applications: perform other relatively independent auxiliary tasks, such as web browsers

Applicable environment

System commands: generally only run in the character operation interface

Applications: according to the actual needs, some programs can be run in the graphical interface

Running format

System commands: generally include command words, command options, and command parameters

Applications: there is usually no fixed execution format

Directory structure of typical applications

File type

Save catalog

General executive program file

/ usr/bin

Server execution program file and manager program file

/ usr/sbin

Application configuration file

/ etc

Log file

/ var/log

Application documentation file

/ usr/share/doc

Application manual page file

/ usr/share/man

Common package encapsulation types

File type

Save catalog

Rpm software package

Extension ".rpm"

Deb software package

Extension ".deb"

Source code package

Compressed packages in the format of ".tar.gz", ".tar.bz2", etc., containing the original code of the program

Green installation-free software package

Provide the compiled executive program text in the compressed package-the files after unlocking the compressed package can be used directly

Centos software package management

Rpm software package

RPM

Redhat Package Manager

Proposed by Red Hat and adopted by many Linux distributions

Establish a unified database file

Record the changes of software package installation, uninstallation and so on in detail.

Automatic analysis of package dependencies

RPM software package

Software material reference: http:// × × w.rpm.org

General naming format:

Query information about installed RPM software

Rpm-Q [suboption] [software name]

Common option

-qa,-qi,-ql,-qf,-qc,-qd

Rpm-qa queries all installed software packages

Rpm-qi queries the information of an installed software package

Rpm-ql queries the installation path of an installed software package

Query information in uninstalled RPM package files

Rpm-qp [suboptions] RPM package file

Common option

-qpi,-qpl,-qpc,-qpd

Using the rpm command, you can only query the information of the software package installed by RPM, and the rpm command will not be able to obtain the relevant information if it is installed into the system by other means.

Install or upgrade RPM software

Rpm [options] RPM package file.

Common option

-I,-U,-F

Install upgrade force

-vh shows the progress of installation

Uninstall the specified RPM software

Rpm-e software name

Secondary option

-force,-nodeps,-h,-v,

Rebuild RPM database

[root@localhost] # rpm-- rebuilddb

Or

[root@localhost] # rpm-- initdb

Import verification public key

Root@localhost ~] # rpm-- import / media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

A method for solving package dependencies

Install multiple software with dependencies

Unload multiple software with dependencies

Ignore dependencies

Combined with the "--nodeps" option, but may cause a software exception

Overview of source code compilation

Advantages of using source code to install software

Get the latest software version and fix bug in time

Customize the software functions flexibly according to the needs of users

Examples of application situations

When installing a newer version of the application

When the currently installed program cannot meet the needs

When you need to add new features to your application

Source code compilation process

Make uninstall uninstall

-next time-

II. YUM installation software

YUM,Yellow dog Updater Modified

Software update mechanism based on RPM package construction

Dependencies can be resolved automatically

All software packages are provided by a centralized YUM software repository

The way the software repository is provided

FTP service: ftp://......

HTTP service: http://......

Local directory: file:///.......

The source of RPM software package

Collection of RPM packages released by CentOS

A collection of RPM packages released by third-party organizations

User-defined collection of RPM packages

Building CentOS 7 Software Repository

The RPM package is from CentOS 7 DVD CD.

Provided to the client through FTP, HTTP, or local directory

Join the unofficial RPM package group in the software repository

Includes all RPM packages that have dependencies

Using createrepo tool to build warehouse data file

YUM cache directory

Store downloaded software packages, warehouse information, and other data

Located at / var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

[root@localhost ~] # yum clean all

Operation

Specify the YUM warehouse location for the client

Configuration file: / etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

[root@localhost ~] # vi / etc/yum.repos.d/centos7.repo

[base]

Name=CentOS 7.5

Baseurl= ftp://192.168.4.254/centos7

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=1

Gpgkey= file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[other]

Name=Other RPM Packages

Baseurl= ftp://192.168.4.254/other

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0

Directly use CentOS 7 CD as software repository

1. Insert the CentOS 7 CD into the CD drive

two。 Specify warehouse location, URL address is file:///media/cdrom

[root@localhost ~] # vi / etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

……

[local]

Name=CnetOS 7.3

Baseurl= file:///media/cdrom

Enabled=1

Gpgcheck=0

Example:

[Testlinux-base]

Name=CentOS-7.5

Baseurl= file:///media/cdrom

Gpgcheck=0

Gpgkey= file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

Enabled=1

Add some knowledge of CD mounting:

1. Insert the CD or virtualize the specified ISO file

2. Operate in LINUX to check how the CD is mounted mount; (type iso9660)

3. The CD can be mounted many times after it is inserted, but the mount point (directory) is different, mount / dev/sr0 / opt/guangpan/

4. If the mount is successful, check it on mount.

About the yum command

Provided by the package yum-3.4.3-150.el7.centos.noarch

Used to access YUM repository, query, download, install and uninstall software packages

Configuration file for yum

Basic setting: / etc/yum.conf

Warehouse setting: / etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Log file: / var/log/yum.log

Query software package

Yum list [software name]...

Yum info [software name]...

Yum search...

Query package group

Yum grouplist [package group name].

Yum groupinfo...

Install softwar

Yum install [Software name]

Yum groupinstall

Upgrade softwar

Yum update package name

Yum groupupdate package name

Uninstall the software

Yum remove...

Yum groupremove...

Automatically confirm installation

-y

Yum-y install vsftpd

Assignment:

1. Show the basic process of compiling the installer with the source code, and write out the function of each process.

2. What is the purpose of adding the "--prefix" option when performing the ". / configure" configuration?

3. Install nload and monitor the change of your server traffic within one minute.

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