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Foreword:

Python is one of the most popular interpretive programming languages in the world. Python was designed by Guido van Rossum and was first released in 1991 as the successor to the "ABC" programming language. It is a high-level universal language designed to emphasize the readability of the code through the use of indentation. The language structure of Python is designed to help programmers write logical code for small and large projects.

The language is dynamically typed and supports multiple programming paradigms. It fully supports object-oriented and structured programming, and some of its features support functional and aspect-oriented programming.

Python is designed as a highly extensible language. This modularity makes it popular as a way to add interfaces to existing applications. Because of its comprehensive standard library, it is often described as a language that "contains batteries". We need to thank ABC for this feature, because the Python designer's vision for a small core language with a large standard library stems from his frustration with the ABC language, while the ABC language is based on the opposite approach.

First, grammar

The format of Python is visually clean and often uses keywords; however, many other languages rely on punctuation. Another significant difference in Python is that it does not use curly braces to separate blocks. Compared with other languages such as C, it has much less grammatical exceptions and special cases.

1. Indent

Python uses spaces to indent the separator block. Indentation may be increased after some statements, but the reduction in indentation means the end of the segment. This makes the visual structure of the program accurately represent the semantic structure of the program.

This feature is called the offside rule. It may not be unique to python, but semantic; on the other hand, indentation in most languages has no semantic meaning.

2. Variables

In Python, a variable name is a reference holder with no fixed data type associated with it. They can bounce off any object at any time. Although at a given time, the variable will refer to an object that has its own type. This is called dynamic typing.

This is the exact opposite of languages such as Java, C++, FORTRAN, Scala, and Pascal, because they are statically typed programming languages, where each variable can only contain values of a specific type.

3. Expression

Expressions are grammatical entities in programming languages that can be evaluated to determine their value. It is a combination of constants, variables, functions, and operators that are interpreted and calculated by programming languages to produce values.

In Python, there is a difference between expressions and statements. That is, a statement cannot be part of an expression. This feature is not common because it is not found in some major languages, such as Scheme, Common Lisp, or Ruby. But this can lead to repetition of certain functions.

4. Type

Python uses the duck type, which is an application that determines whether an object can be used for a particular purpose. In this language, type constraints are not checked at compile time. Failure to perform an operation on an object means that the given object is not of the appropriate type.

Python is a strongly typed language, so it does not allow ambiguous operations to be defined, rather than quietly trying to understand them.

It allows programmers to use classes to define their own types. You can call the class to construct a new instance of the class.

5. Methods

The "methods" here are processes associated with messages and objects. An object consists of data and behavior; these include an interface that specifies how the object is used by any of its consumers.

The Python method has an explicit self parameter to access the instance data. Python also provides methods, often called dunder methods, that allow user-defined classes to modify how they are handled by local operations, such as length, comparisons, arithmetic operations, type conversions, and so on.

II. Library

Python has a large standard library. It can provide tools for many tasks. It includes modules for creating a graphical user interface (GUI), connecting to a relational database, generating pseudorandom numbers, manipulating regular expressions, unit tests, and so on.

Most standard libraries are cross-platform Python code, so only a few modules need to be changed or rewritten for variant implementation.

1. The application of Python

Python can be used as a scripting language for Web applications. With the Web server gateway interface, the standard API has evolved to facilitate these applications.

Libraries such as NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib allow the efficient use of Python in scientific computing. Libraries such as Biopython and Astropy provide domain-specific functionality. SageMath is a computer algebra system with a notebook interface that can be programmed in Python. Its library can cover all aspects of mathematics, such as algebra, combinatorial, numerical mathematics, number theory and calculus.

With the help of libraries such as TensorFlow, Keras, Pytorch, and Scikit-learn, Python is often used in artificial intelligence projects and machine learning projects. Python is often used in natural language processing because of its modular architecture, simple syntax, and rich text processing tools.

Python can also be used to create games, and libraries such as Pygame can be used to create 2D games.

GNU Debugger uses Python as a beautiful printer to show complex structures, such as C++ containers. Esri promotes Python as the best choice for scripting in ArcGIS. It has been used as the first of the three programming languages available in Google App Engine.

Many operating systems use Python as a standard component. It comes with most Linux distributions and can be used from command line terminals. Many Linux distributions use installers written in Python. For example, Ubuntu uses Ubiquity installer, while Red Hat Linux and Fedora use Anaconda installer.

Python is also widely used in the information security industry, including vulnerability exploitation development.

3. Is it worth learning Python?

Since 2003, Python has been among the top ten most popular programming languages. It was named programming language of the year in 2007, 2010, 2018 and 2020, and was the only language to win the award four times.

In the past three years alone the value of Python has increased significantly. It has not lost its value in the foreseeable future. Therefore, learning Python is definitely worth your time and effort.

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