Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

This article introduces the knowledge of "configuration options for the Linux kernel". Many people will encounter this dilemma in the operation of actual cases, so let the editor lead you to learn how to deal with these situations. I hope you can read it carefully and be able to achieve something!

The first part

01, Code maturity level options-> Code maturity level option

01.01, [] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers is selected by default, which will display code and drivers that are still under development or not yet completed in the settings interface. You should choose it, because many devices may have to choose this option to configure, in fact, it is secure.

01.02, [] Select only drivers expected to compile cleanly choose this option you will not see some known problematic driver options, which are also selected by default. If you have a device that doesn't find the driver option, you can remove this one and maybe find the driver, but it may have BUG.

Part II

02, General setup-> General installation options

02.01, () Local version-append to kernel release

02.02 、

Support for paging of anonymous memory (swap) this option will enable your kernel to support virtual memory, which means that your computer seems to have more memory space than actual memory to execute large programs. The default is selected.

02.03 、

System V IPC (IPC:Inter Process Communication) is a set of system calls and function libraries that allow programs to exchange information synchronously with each other. It is required by some programs as well as the DOS simulation environment. Provide a communication mechanism for processes, which will enable processes in the system to exchange information and maintain synchronization. Some programs can only be run when Y is selected, so don't think about it, you must choose it here.

02.04 、

The program executed by the general user of BSD Process Accounting can tell the kernel to write the program statistics into a file and record the relevant information in detail.

02.05 、 [] BSD Process Accounting version 3 file format

02.06 、

Sysctl support can dynamically change some specific kernel parameters and variables without recompiling the kernel or rebooting, giving the kernel greater flexibility. This option must be selected unless there is too little memory or the compiled kernel is for installation and rescue disks. This will provide an interface that allows you to dynamically change some core parameters and variables without having to restart the system. Turning on this option will increase the size of the kernel at least 8KB. If your kernel only needs to make, install and restore the system disk, then you don't have to choose it to reduce the memory footprint.

02.07 、

Auditing support auditing support, used to work with some submodules of the kernel, such as SELinux. Only by selecting this item and its children can the system call related to auditing be called.

02.08 、

Enable system-call auditing support

-Support for hot-pluggable devices is sure to choose whether it supports hot-swappable options. Otherwise, USB, PCMCIA and other devices will not be used.

02.09 、

The Kernel Userspace Events kernel is divided into the system area and the user area, where the system area and the user area to communicate a way, selected.

02.10, [] Kernel .config support this will compile the kernel configuration information and related documentation into the kernel, and later you can use some tools to extract it for rebuilding the kernel, generally not selecting it.

02.11, [] Configure standard kernel features (for small systems)-- > this is used to compile some special-purpose kernels, such as the boot disk system. Usually you don't have to choose this option, and you don't have to worry about the subitems below it.

Part III

03. Loadable module support-- > bootable module support it is recommended to join the kernel as a module

03.01 、

Enable loadable module support this option allows your kernel to support modules, what is the module? A module is a small piece of code, which can be dynamically added to the kernel when the system kernel is running, so as to add some features to the kernel or support some hardware. In general, some uncommonly used drivers or features can be compiled into modules to reduce the size of the kernel. You can use the modprobe command to load it into the kernel at run time (and remove it when you don't need it). The principle of whether some features are compiled into modules is that drivers that are not often used, especially those that are not needed when the system starts, can be compiled into modules, if they are drivers that are used when the system is started, such as the file system, the support of the system bus should not be compiled as a module, whether the system cannot be started.

03.02 、

The Module unloading option allows you to uninstall modules that are no longer in use. If you do not select this option, you will not be able to uninstall any modules (some modules cannot be unloaded once loaded, regardless of whether this option is selected or not). Not selecting this option will make your kernel a little smaller.

03.03, [] Source checksum for all modules this function is to prevent version conflicts caused by changing the code of the kernel module but forgetting to change the version number. I don't think there are any companies that haven't used version control tools in their development, so they don't need this. If you don't write the kernel module yourself, you don't need this option.

03.04 、

Automatic kernel module loading in general, if our kernel wants to use some drivers or features compiled into modules in certain tasks, we have to use the modprobe command to load it before the kernel can use it. However, if you choose this option, when the kernel needs some modules, it can automatically call the modprobe command to load the required modules, which is a great feature, of course, choose Y.

The fourth part

04, Processor type and features-> processor type

04.01, Subarchitecture Type (PC-compatible)-- > the main purpose of this option is to enable Linux to support a variety of PC standards. Generally speaking, the PC we use follows the so-called IBM compatible structure (pc/at). This option allows you to select some other architectures. We usually choose PC-compatible.

04.01.01, (X) PC-compatible chooses the PC mode here.

04.01.02, () AMD Elan

04.01.03, () Voyager (NCR)

04.01.04, () NUMAQ (IBM/Sequent)

04.01.05, () SGI 320x540 (Visual Workstation)

04.02, Processor family (Pentium-Pro)-- > CPU options here select the appropriate options for your CPU model.

04.02.01, () 386

04.02.02, () 486

04.02.03, () 586/K5/5x86/6x86/6x86MX

04.02.04, () Pentium-Classic

04.02.05, () Pentium-MMX

04.02.06, () Pentium-Pro

04.02.07, () Pentium-II/Celeron (pre-Coppermine)

04.02.07, () Pentium-III/Celeron (Coppermine) / Pentium-III Xeon

04.02.08, () Pentium M

04.02.09, () Pentium-4/Celeron (P4-based) / Pentium-4 M/Xeon

04.02.10, () K6/K6-II/K6-III

04.02.11, (x) Athlon/Duron/K7 the CPU I use is Athlon XP2000+, so I chose this one.

04.02.12, () Opteron/Athlon64/Hammer/K8

04.02.13, () Crusoe

04.02.14, () Efficeon

04.02.15, () Winchip-C6

04.02.16, () Winchip-2

04.02.17, () Winchip-2A/Winchip-3

04.02.18, () GeodeGX1

04.02.19, () CyrixIII/VIA-C3

04.02.20, () VIA C3-2 (Nehemiah)

04.03, [] Generic x86 support this option provides maximum compatibility with X86 series CPU and is used to support CPU in some rare x86 systems, which may degrade some system performance. If your CPU can be found in the list above, you don't have to choose it.

04.04 、

HPET Timer Support is also a new feature. HPET is a new timer developed by intel to replace the traditional 8254 (PIT) interrupt timer and RTC, which is called high-precision event timer. If you have a newer machine, choose it, it is generally a safe option, even if your hardware does not support HPET will not cause a problem, because it will automatically replace with 8254.

04.05 、 [] Provide RTC interrupt There is no help available for this kernel option.

04.06, [] Symmetric multi-processing support supports multiprocessor options. If you only use a single CPU, you have to turn it off.

04.07 、

Preemptible Kernel this is a new feature, which will be mentioned in almost all articles introducing 2.6. this is the preemptive kernel. That is to say, some high-priority programs can be executed first with some low-priority programs, even if these programs are executed in a nuclear mentality (which is still not really a preemptive kernel). Thus, the latency of the kernel is reduced and the response of the system is improved. Of course, the kernel cannot be preempted at some special points, such as the scheduler itself in the kernel cannot be preempted when it is executed. This feature can improve the performance of desktop and real-time systems, so choose it.

04.08 、 [] Local APIC support on uniprocessors

04.09 、

Machine Check Exception if there is something wrong with the system, such as CPU overheating, the kernel will print relevant information on the screen to remind you. This function requires hardware support. You can check / proc/cpuinfo to see if there is a mce logo, if so, choose it. If you are very unlucky and there is a problem after selecting it, you can turn it off by adding the nomce parameter at startup.

04.10, Check for non-fatal errors on AMD Athlon/Duron / Intel Pentium 4 turning on this option will check for possible problems on your machine. If a non-fatal error occurs, it will be automatically fixed and logged, which can help you find out the cause of the problem. It is a good option. Of course, it can only be used on CPU like AMD Athlon/Duron / Intel Pentium 4. If you happen to be using one of them, choose.

04.11, Toshiba Laptop support Toshiba notebook support. This option is for Toshiba notebooks and can be used to access Toshiba's system management mode, that is, you can set BIOS directly. Note, however, that it only works in Toshiba's own BIOS. If you have a Toshiba notebook, but its BIOS is Phoenix, then this option is still useless. Turn off the desktop!

04.12, Dell laptop support DELL notebook support. If the function is like above, the desktop will be turned off!

04.13 、 [] Enable X86 board specific fixups for reboot

04.14. Does / dev/cpu/microcode-Intel IA32 CPU microcode support support CPU (Xeon) of Intel IA32 architecture? This option will allow you to update the microcode of the Intel IA32 family of processors, and of course you must select devfs in the file system options to use it properly. If you translate it into a module and you also need to add this line to modprobe.conf, the alias char-major-10-184 microcode kernel itself does not have a microcode binary file, you can go to this URL to get the new information http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/

04.15. Does / dev/cpu/*/msr-Model-specific register support turn on the function of the Pentium CPU special function register? This option is generally not used by desktop users, it is mainly used in Intel embedded CPU, the role of this register is also different from different CPU types, generally can be used to change the use of some CPU original physical structure, but different CPU uses are also very different.

04.16, / dev/cpu/*/cpuid-CPU information support whether the function of recording Petium CPU-related information is turned on? This creates a series of device files in / dev/cpu that allow the process to access the specified CPU. You don't usually have to choose.

04.17, Firmware Drivers->

04.18, High Memory Support (4GB)-- > High capacity memory support

04.18.01, (x) off I use 512MB of memory, choose this one.

04.18.02, () 4GB

04.18.03, () 64GB

04.19 、

Unless Allocate 3rd-level pagetables from highmem has a few gigabytes of memory, it doesn't make sense to choose this.

04.20, [] Math emulation Linux core analog mathematical floating-point arithmetic unit, coprocessor is the darling of the 386 era, and now it has long been laid off.

04.21 、

MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support communicates faster on PCI or AGP bus audiences. Since all systems now connect their graphics cards to the PCI or AGP bus, you usually need to choose "MTRR". In any case, it is usually safe to turn on this option-even if your machine does not have a graphics card that uses the PCI or AGP bus.

04.22, [] Boot from EFI support (EXPERIMENTAL) since I am using GRUB, it is useless to choose this. If you are going to use the function of EFI, you can go to http://elilo.sourceforge.net/.

04.23 、

Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode

The fifth part

05. Power management options (ACPI, APM)-> Power Management options

05.01 、

Power Management support

05.02, [] Power Management Debug Support power management debugging information support, do not select this option if you do not want to debug the power management part of the kernel.

05.03, ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) Support-> Some kernel features may be built directly into the kernel. Some may be made into loadable runtime modules. Some features may be completely removed altogether. There are also certain kernel parameters which are not really features, but must be entered in as decimal or hexadecimal numbers or possibly text.

Menu items beginning with

, or [] represent features configured to be built in, modularized or removed respectively. Pointed brackets represent module capable features.

To change any of these features, highlight it with the cursor keys and press to build it in, to make it a module or to removed it. You may also press the to cycle through the available options (ie. Y-> N-> M-> Y).

05.03.01 、

ACPI Support advanced power interface configuration is supported, and this is recommended if BIOS supports it.

05.03.02, AC Adapter power adapter

05.03.03, Battery battery

05.03.04 、 Button

05.03.05, Fan fan

05.03.06, Processor processor

05.03.07, Thermal Zone is said to support most desktops and laptops, and if not, the processor may be burned. If you can't make the module work properly, it's scary to program it into the kernel.

05.03.08, ASUS/Medion Laptop Extras Asustek notebook expansion support, it is recommended to close

05.03.09, extended support for IBM ThinkPad Laptop Extras IBM notebook. It is recommended to close it.

05.03.10, extended support for Toshiba Laptop Extras Toshiba notebook. It is recommended to close it.

(2001) Disable ACPI for systems before Jan 1st this year

05.04, [] Debug Statements detailed ACPI debugging information, do not choose if you are not engaged in development.

05.05, APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS Support-- >

05.05.01, APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS support

05.05.02, [] Ignore USER SUSPEND ignores the user pause request. Recommended closure

05.05.03, [] Enable PM at boot time saves energy when it is turned on. This item is not needed. It is recommended to turn it off.

05.05.04 、

Make CPU Idle calls when idle CPU saves energy when it is idle

05.05.05, [] console turns blank when Enable console blanking using APM is idle, and it is recommended to close it.

05.05.06, [] RTC stores time in GMT according to Unix standard, the hardware clock should be set to Greenwich mean time. If you want the hardware clock to be set to local time, this option is not needed.

05.05.07, [] Allow interrupts during APM BIOS calls allows the BIOS call of APM to be interrupted. Most machines don't need this, and some of Thinkpad's new machines need it. If you hang up while dormant (including not waking up after sleeping), select this option again.

05.05.08, [] Use real mode APM BIOS call to power off recommends that you select this option to ensure that the software is shut down. If you are interested, you can try to choose whether your machine can be shut down properly (most machines can't). In addition, if you select both ACPI and APM, the one that loads first will be used.

05.06, CPU Frequency scaling-- > this option allows you to change the main frequency of the CPU, so that the CPU can reduce the main frequency at low load or when using the battery, so as to achieve the purpose of power saving.

05.06.01 、

CPU Frequency scaling

05.06.02 、

Whether Enable CPUfreq debugging allows debugging CPU to change the main frequency function, if you want to debug, you also need to add parameters at startup. Cpufreq.debug= 1: kernel debugging of frequency conversion technology 2: driver debugging of frequency conversion technology 3: regulator debugging of frequency conversion technology

05.06.03 、 CPU frequency translation statistics

05.06.04 、

CPU frequency translation statistics details

05.06.05, Default CPUFreq governor (performance)-- > default main frequency adjustment. The result you selected in parentheses is performance-based.

05.06.06.01, (X) performance

05.06.06.02, () userspace

05.06.07, 'performance' governor

05.06.08, 'powersave' governor maximum saving power regulator.

-- 'userspace' governor for userspace frequency scaling user-defined regulator.

05.06.09, 'ondemand' cpufreq policy governor automatically adjusts the main frequency.

05.06.10, 'conservative' cpufreq governor

-CPUFreq processor drivers

05.06.11. ACPI Processor P-States driver reports the status of the processor.

05.06.12, AMD Mobile K6-2/K6-3 PowerNow! Frequency conversion driver of AMD mobile K6 processor.

05.06.13 、 AMD Mobile Athlon/Duron PowerNow! AMD mobile version of poisonous dragon, Lei Wu frequency conversion drive.

05.06.14, variable frequency drive of Cyrix MediaGX/NatSemi Geode Suspend Modulation Cyrix processor.

05.06.15, frequency conversion technical support of Intel Enhanced SpeedStep Intel.

05.06.16 、

Use ACPI tables to decode valid frequency/voltage pairs uses the main frequency / voltage parameters in BIOS.

05.06.17, [] the main frequency / voltage parameters of Built-in tables for Banias CPUs Centrino generation.

05.06.18, Intel Speedstep on ICH-M chipsets (ioport interface) Intel ICH-M Nanqiao chipset support.

Clock module support for 05.06.19 and Intel Pentium 4 clock modulation P4 processors.

05.06.20, Transmeta LongRun Transmeta processor support.

05.06.21, VIA Cyrix III Longhaul VIA Cyrix processor support.

-shared options

05.06.22, [] / proc/acpi/processor/../performance interface (deprecated) obtains the frequency conversion information of CPU from / proc/acpi/processor/../performance.

05.06.23, [] Relaxed speedstep capability checks does not fully test Intel Speedstep, and some systems support Speedstep technology, but can not pass the comprehensive test.

This is the end of "configuration options for the Linux Kernel". Thank you for reading. If you want to know more about the industry, you can follow the website, the editor will output more high-quality practical articles for you!

Welcome to subscribe "Shulou Technology Information " to get latest news, interesting things and hot topics in the IT industry, and controls the hottest and latest Internet news, technology news and IT industry trends.