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The Learning method of system Administrator and the way to advance

With the development of Linux application, more and more friends begin to contact and learn Linux system, but they often feel at a loss when learning Linux according to the experience of learning Windows: I don't know where to start. The system knowledge related to Linux is broad and profound, but as long as we master the key knowledge, there is no problem for us to improve our ability to a certain extent. Below, I will summarize the work experience accumulated in my work and introduce it to you.

1. Learning purpose

In this era of doubling the value of network talents, it is unwise to rely on technology for a living without mastering network and programming skills. When people hear about Linux for the first time and are eager to try, they always ask a few questions: what is it, why use it, and how to learn it? As the main part of the open source movement, Linux is used more and more widely, from our usual entertainment and learning, to business, government office, and then to the application of large-scale clusters. In order to meet the various needs of people, a variety of Linux-based applications emerge in endlessly. As long as you have the basic skills of Linux and the ability of self-study, you can master the relevant professional content through long-term learning.

two。 Start with the command, start with the foundation.

Some friends want to build a website as soon as they come into contact with Linux, but they never think of knowing the basics of Linux and its commands. Although Linux desktop applications are developing rapidly, commands still have a strong vitality in Linux. Linux is a command-line operating system whose essence lies in the command-line. No matter how advanced the graphical interface is, this principle will not change. Linux command has many powerful functions: from simple disk operation, file access, to complex multimedia image and streaming media file production. Next, the most important and most frequently used commands are divided into several parts according to their role in the system. Through the study of these basic commands, we can further understand Linux.

System:

Installation and login commands: login, shutdown, halt, reboot, mount, umount, chsh

File processing commands: file, mkdir, grep, dd, find, mv, ls, diff, cat, ln, touch

System management related commands: df, top, free, quota, at, lp, adduser, groupadd, kill, crontab, tar, unzip, gunzip, last

Network operation commands: ifconfig, ip, ping, netstat, telnet, ftp, route, finger, mail, nslookup, dig

System security related commands: passwd, su, umask, chgrp, chmod, chown, chattr, sudo, ps, who

3. Build a suitable Linux learning platform

Many friends complained to me that there was no server environment to install the Linux system to study and work accordingly, which should be due to the lack of experiments. We first introduce the next more professional virtualization software, Citrix's XenServer 5.6.It can completely virtualize 4-5 CentOS5.8 x86x64 systems on a dual-core dragon + 4GB memory machine, and then with a tens of yuan home router, it is completely a local area network, XenServer 5.6 compatibility is very good, basically can be installed successfully on 64-bit CPU desktops, you can have a try. Some friends may still be studying at school, usually surfing the Internet with laptops in the dormitory, there is also a solution, you can use VMware Workstation 9.01virtual CentOS5.8 x86room64 system to come out for learning. It is suggested that we should do more experiments at ordinary times. After all, real knowledge comes from practice.

4. Choose a good Linux book

Whether in the forum or in the reader feedback, the most common questions we see are often beginners' questions about a specific problem encountered in the process of installing or using Linux, many of which are repetitive, and many people can't even describe the basic problems clearly. This shows that many beginners of Linux have not yet mastered the basic skills. How can we quickly improve the basic skills of Linux? The most effective way is to learn the authoritative Linux reference books, which are very important to learners. However, a misguided reference book can lead beginners astray. The books and documents that I prefer to read now are based on the real online environment. I hope you will pay attention to discrimination when choosing books.

Here we also share with you how to be careful in learning: usually we should put a few books on hand or on the bed, and you can read them when you have nothing to do. You will find that a lot of content will be absorbed unconsciously. And this method is much more efficient than usual, so you might as well give it a try.

5. Thinking about Linux with the thinking of UNIX

Because Linux is designed with reference to the idea of UNIX, to understand and master it must be carried out with the thinking of UNIX, but not with Windows thinking. There is no denying that a large part of Windows's success in the market lies in the uniqueness of technical ideas. However, this innovation is carried out in the face of individual users, and in the face of enterprise-level service applications, it is still somewhat inadequate.

For many years, the two have been dominant in the field of computer operating systems: the use of UNIX in servers and Windows in the field of individual users. Thus it can be seen that the user demand determines the operating system used. Whatever the reason, if you want to learn Linux, you should first pull your mind out of Windows and think in a UNIX way of thinking. For example, "everything is a document", one of the basic philosophies of UNIX, can only be understood at work in order to fully understand and grasp the meaning of this sentence.

6. Get into the habit of working on the command line

Be sure to get into the habit of working on the command line, knowing that X Window is just an application running in command-line mode. Although the progress of learning under the command line is slow at the beginning, after we are familiar with it, the road of learning will grow exponentially. The command line is actually a rule, which is always valid and flexible. Even through a slow modem line, it can operate remote systems thousands of kilometers away. Professional system administrators can now operate thousands of Linux/UNIX machines through commands, but it is obviously impossible to achieve this efficiency if it is operated with a graphical interface.

7. See the sorted PDF document for details in other parts.

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