Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Main points of content:

1. Introduction of oracle

II. Oracle 12c installation

1. Oracle introduction:

Before installing the oracle database, let's briefly introduce the main differences between the two major databases, oracle and mysql.

Oracle database (often called Oracle RDBMS or Oracle for short) is a proprietary multi-model database management system produced and sold by Oracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used to run online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehouse (DW) and hybrid (OLTP&DW) database workloads.

The main differences between oracle and mysql are:

1, MySQL is relatively small, and free, open source reasons, is now very robust, if not large-scale applications, MySQL can handle everything.

2. Oracle is relatively large, the whole system is very sound, and the cost is more expensive.

MySQL is practical, oracle is powerful.

Detailed explanation:

1. Oracle is a large database and Mysql is a small and medium-sized database

2. Oracle occupies a large memory space, while Mysql occupies a small memory space.

3. Oracle supports large concurrent visits, which is the best tool for OLTP. Mysql concurrency is small. In the face of large access volume, you can do sub-table and sub-database optimization.

4. There is no auto-growth type for Oracle, and Mysql generally uses the auto-growth type.

5. It is more tedious for Oracle to deal with SQL statements that turn pages. There is only one ROWNUM field for each result set to indicate its location, and it is relatively simple to use ROWNUM80,MYSQL to deal with the SQL statement that turns the page. Start the position with LIMIT and record the number.

6. The content of the non-empty field in MYSQL is empty, and the content that is not allowed if the non-empty field is defined in ORACLE. Define Oracle as is null according to the NOT NULL of MYSQL

7. The field name like'% string%'is used in MYSQL and the field name like'% string%'is used in ORACLE, but the index cannot be used, which is not fast. (index cannot be used at the beginning of like'%'. Index can be used without the beginning)

8. Oracle realizes that the isolation level and propagation characteristics of transactions in ANSII SQL are stronger than those in Mysql.

2. Installation tutorial:

(1) the virtual machine prepares a 20g hard disk and formats it into XFS to install oracle.

Cd / devfdisk / dev/sdb / / partition disk (press n, p, always enter, w save exit) mkfs-t xfs / dev/sdb1 / / format mkdir / orc / / create a new file For disk mount vim / etc/hostname second line add: HOSTNAMME=oraclevim / etc/hosts # Last line add DNS resolution 192.168.220.128 oracle (here add the IP address of your own linux virtual machine) hostnamectl set-hostname oracle / / modify hostname sumount / dev/sdb1 / orc / / mount

(2) configure the system environment and install the basic environment package:

Yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel-y

(3) modify kernel parameters:

Vim / etc/sysctl.conf# insert the following in the last line: fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 # number of asynchronous Io requests recommended value is: 1048576 it is actually equal to 1024024, that is, 1024K fs.file-max = 6815744 # the maximum number of open file handles, prevent file descriptor exhaustion problem kernel.shmall = 2097152 # total shared memory pages Memory divided by 4K kernel.shmmax = 4294967295kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 32000 100 128#SEMMSL: maximum number of signals per signal set SEMMNS: maximum number of signals used to control the entire Linux system SEMOPM kernel parameters are used to control the number of signal operations that can be performed per semop system call SEMMNI: kernel parameters are used to control the maximum number of signal sets in the entire Linux system net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 # Port range for outgoing connections net.core.rmem_default = 262144 # default value for socket receive buffer size net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 # maximum socket receive buffer size net.core.wmem_default = 262144 # default value for socket send buffer size net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 # socket The maximum size of the word send buffer sysctl-p / / this command is to make the configuration effective.

(4) create users and configure user environment:

Groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbauseradd-g oinstall-G dba oraclepasswd oracle / / change the password of the user oracle. New password: 123123 invalid password: password less than 8 characters re-enter the new password: 123123 passwd: all authentication tokens have been successfully updated. Mkdir-p / orc/app/oraclechown-R oracle:oinstall / orc/app/chmod-R 755 / orc/app/oracle/

Delete the line vim / home/oracle/.bash_profile 10-12 and insert the following: umask 022ORACLEBASPATH = SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA. UTF8PATH = $PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binLANG=zh_CN.UTF-8export PATH LANG NLS_LANG ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

(5) configure resource limits:

1. Insert under line 7 of vim / etc/pam.d/login#: session required / lib/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so2, vim / etc/security/limits.conf # insert under the last line: oracle soft nproc 204 number of processes available to single user oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 102 number of files user can open oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft stack 1024 stack setting

(6) configure system environment variables:

Vim / etc/profile// is inserted under the last line: if [$USER = "oracle"] then if [$SHELL = "/ bin/ksh"] then ulimit-p 16384 # buffer size ulimit-n 65536 # number of files else ulimit-u 16384-n 65536 # number of processes fifi

(7) switch users:

Under root users

Xhost +

Then switch users to oracle:

Su-oracle export DISPLAY=:0.0cd / abc./runInstaller

A window opens automatically, and the worker oracle can be installed according to the prompts. The detailed steps are as follows:

1. Accept the security update to check, click next, and select Yes

two。 System class selection: service class

3. The installation option is default: create and configure database, single instance database

4. Installation type: typical installation

5. Typical installation configuration: enter the password 123123, other paths do not need to make any changes, click install

6. The prompt window for executing the script pops up during installation, and the process is as follows:

1 >. Open the terminal window

2 >. Log in as "root"

3 >. Run the script

4 >. Return to this window and click OK to continue

7. At this point, you need to switch to the root user to execute the following command:

/ orc/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh after this command hits enter, you need to enter yes

Note: be sure to go back to the installation interface after execution and click OK!

8. Click next when the progress reaches 100%, and the installation is completed, and the URL address of oracle will be displayed:

Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Express URL: https://oracle:5500/em

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