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What is the principle of RIP protocol? I believe many inexperienced people don't know what to do about it. Therefore, this paper summarizes the causes and solutions of the problem. Through this article, I hope you can solve this problem.

The principle of RIP Protocol for the Construction of small and medium-sized Enterprise Network

1. Classification of routes

1. According to the source of routing, routing can be divided into the following three categories.

Routes discovered through link layer protocols are called directly connected routes (Direct) and do not need to be configured

Features: ① path information does not need to be maintained by network administrators

② does not need to be obtained by the router through calculation, as long as the interface is active (Active)

③ cannot directly obtain routing information that is not directly connected to it.

Routes that are manually configured by a network administrator are called static routes (Static)

Features: ① cannot be generated automatically and can only be manually configured by the administrator.

② is easy to run and maintain.

③ is only suitable for small networks with simple and stable topology, or as a supplement to large and medium-sized networks.

④ can not automatically adapt to the change of network topology (that is, it does not have the function of active network convergence) and needs human intervention.

Routes discovered through dynamic protocols are called dynamic routes (RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, etc.).

Features: ① can automatically generate corresponding dynamic routing table entries according to user configuration

② can actively adapt to the changes of network topology.

Metrics of dynamic routing protocols: hop count, bandwidth, load, delay, reliability, cost

Convergence: the process of bringing all routing tables to a consistent state.

2. Classification of dynamic routing protocols.

(1) according to different routing algorithms, dynamic routing protocols are divided into the following categories:

-- RIP (Routing Information Protocol) routing Information Protocol

-- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Open shortest path first

IS-IS (Intermedia System-Intermedia System) Intermediate system to Intermediate system

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) Border Gateway Protocol

(2) according to the scope of action, these dynamic routing protocols can be divided into the following two types:

IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) Interior Gateway Protocol

The common ones are RIP, OSPF and IS-IS

-- EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) external Gateway Protocol

At present, the commonly used EGP is BGP.

(3) according to the different routing algorithms used, the above routing protocols can be divided into the following two types:

Distance Vector routing Protocol (Distance-Vector Protocol): includes RIP and BGP. BGP is also known as path Vector Protocol (Path-Vector Protocol).

Link-State Protocol (Link-State Protocol): includes OSPF and IS-IS.

2. RIP routing protocol

1. The basic concept of RIP

RIP is a protocol based on distance vector algorithm, which uses hop count as a metric to measure the distance to the destination network. Equipment to be associated with it

The hop count of a directly connected network is 0, and then increases by 1 for each layer 3 device. That is to say, the measure is equal to arriving from this network.

The number of layer 3 devices between destination networks, but not equal to the number of network segments passed. Maximum 15 hops, 16 hops unreachable, up to 16

Three layers of equipment.

RIP exchanges routing information through UDP messages, using port number 520, so it is also an unreliable routing protocol.

-- regular automatic updates

-- neighbor

-- broadcast updates

-- full routing table update

2. The formation of routing table

-- routers learn directly connected routes

-- when the update cycle is 30s, the router sends a routing table to its neighbors

-- after 30 seconds, the second update cycle will be sent to the routing table again.

3. Horizontal segmentation

Performing split horizon can prevent routing loops from happening.

Routing information learned from an interface is no longer sent out that interface

At the same time, it can also reduce the link bandwidth resources occupied by routing update information.

4. Configuration and verification of RIP

-- RIP configuration command

System-view

[Huawei] rip

[Huawei-rip-1] network 192.168.1.0 (declared primary network number)

5. The difference between RIP V1 and RIP V2

RIP V1 RIP V2

Classful routing protocols (without subnet mask when declaring routing information) classless routing protocols (with subnet mask when declaring routing information)

Broadcast updates (255.255.255.255) Multicast updates (24.0.0.9)

Do not support VLSM support VLSM

Automatic route summarization, can not be turned off, automatic summarization can be turned off, can be summarized manually

Do not support discontiguous subnets support discontiguous subnets

6. Configuration of RIP V2

System-view

[Huawei] rip

[Huawei-rip-1] version 2

[Huawei-rip-1] network + network segment

7. Cisco routers configure RIP v1 and RIP v2

Router > enable

Router#configure terminal

Router (Config) # router rip

Router (Config-router) # version 2

Router (Config-router) # no auto-summary

Router (Config-router) # network + IP address range

After reading the above, have you mastered the principle of RIP protocol? If you want to learn more skills or want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel, thank you for reading!

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