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The editor will share with you what the network layer protocols are in the computer. I hope you will get something after reading this article. Let's discuss it together.

There are four protocols in the network layer: ARP protocol, IP protocol, ICMP protocol and IGMP protocol. ARP protocol provides services for IP protocol, IP protocol provides services for ICMP protocol, and ICMP protocol provides services for IGMP protocol.

Network layer protocol, layer 3 of the OSI reference model. It controls the work of the communication subnet, provides the means to establish, maintain and release connections, and ensures transparent data transmission between transport layer entities.

The network layer protocols are: ARP protocol, IP protocol, ICMP protocol, IGMP protocol.

ARP protocol:

Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), is a TCP/IP protocol that obtains physical addresses based on IP addresses.

When sending information, the host broadcasts the ARP request containing the target IP address to all hosts on the local area network, and receives the return message to determine the physical address of the target; after receiving the return message, the IP address and the physical address are stored in the local ARP cache and retained for a certain period of time, and the next request directly queries the ARP cache to save resources.

The address resolution protocol is based on the mutual trust of hosts in the network. Hosts on the local network can send ARP reply messages on their own. When other hosts receive the reply message, they will not check the authenticity of the message and will record it in the local ARP cache. As a result, an attacker can send a pseudo ARP reply message to a host, so that the information it sends cannot reach the expected host or the wrong host, which constitutes an ARP spoofing.

The ARP command can be used to query the correspondence between IP address and MAC address in the native ARP cache, add or delete static correspondence, and so on. Related protocols include RARP and proxy ARP. NDP is used to replace the address resolution protocol in IPv6.

IP protocol:

IP is the abbreviation of Internet Protocol (Internet interconnection protocol) and the network layer protocol in TCP/IP system. The purpose of designing IP is to improve the scalability of the network: one is to solve the Internet problem and realize the interconnection of large-scale and heterogeneous networks; the other is to separate the coupling relationship between the top network application and the underlying network technology to facilitate the independent development of the two. According to the end-to-end design principle, IP only provides a connectionless, unreliable, best-effort packet transmission service for the host.

ICMP protocol:

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Internet Control message Protocol. It is a subprotocol of the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is used to transmit control messages between IP hosts and routers. The control message refers to the message of the network itself, such as whether the network is unreachable, whether the host is reachable, whether the route is available, and so on. Although these control messages do not transmit user data, they play an important role in the transmission of user data.

ICMP uses the basic support of IP as if it were a higher-level protocol, but ICMP is actually a part of IP and must be implemented by each IP module.

IGMP protocol:

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP,Internet Group Management Protocol) is a multicast protocol in the Internet protocol family.

A subprotocol of the TCP/IP protocol family that is used by IP hosts to report their group membership to any directly adjacent router. Allowing Internet hosts to participate in multicast is also a protocol used by IP hosts to report multicast group members to neighboring multicast routers. Multicast routers are multicast-enabled routers that send IGMP queries to the local network. The host answers the query by sending an IGMP report. Multicast routers are responsible for forwarding multicast packets to all multicast members in the network.

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a protocol corresponding to the network layer of the open source systems interconnection (OSI) seven-layer framework model. Standard document (RFC) 2236 prepared by the Internet Engineering Task Force (The Internet Engineering Task Force, referred to as IETF). The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is described in detail in.

After reading this article, I believe you have a certain understanding of "what are the network layer protocols in the computer". If you want to know more about it, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel. Thank you for reading!

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