Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Comprehensive cabling and Subnetting for Network Construction of small and medium-sized Enterprises

I. Overview of cabling system

1. The concept of wiring system

Building Integrated wiring system (PDS) is a standard structured unlimited system for transmitting language, data, influence and other information.

2. The integrated wiring system is divided into six independent subsystems.

-- Workspace subsystem: the workspace subsystem consists of devices between terminal devices and information sockets. It includes: information socket, socket box, connection jumper and adapter.

Horizontal area subsystem: the horizontal area subsystem shall be composed of information sockets for the work area, horizontal cables from floor distribution line equipment to information sockets, floor wiring equipment and jumpers, etc. According to the requirements of the whole integrated wiring system, the horizontal subsystem should be connected on the wiring equipment in the secondary handover room, handover room or equipment to form the telephone, data, television system and monitoring system, and manage it conveniently.

-- Management subsystem: the management subsystem is set in the room of the floor distribution line equipment. The management room subsystem should be composed of wiring equipment and input / output equipment in the handover room, and can also be used in the equipment subsystem. The management subsystem should adopt single point management and double handover. The structure of the handover field depends on the work area, the scale of the integrated wiring system and the selected hardware. Only when the management is large and complex and there is a two-level handover room, the two-point management double handover is set up. At the management point, each termination field should be marked with a tag insertion bar according to the application environment.

Vertical trunk subsystem: the most important copper wire or optical fiber trunk line in the building is usually provided by the main equipment room (such as computer room, program-controlled exchange room), which is the information transportation hub of the whole building. In general, it provides multiple connection paths between equipment and wiring frames on different floors, as well as large areas of a single-story building.

-- equipment room subsystem: the equipment room is the place where incoming equipment is set up at the appropriate location of each building, network management and management personnel are on duty. The equipment subsystem should be composed of building wiring equipment, telephone, data, computer and other host equipment and security wiring equipment of the integrated wiring system.

Building group subsystem: the building group subsystem extends the cables of one building to the communication equipment and facilities of other buildings in the complex. It includes copper wire, optical fiber, and protective equipment to prevent the surge voltage of cables from other buildings from entering the building.

3. Advantages of cabling system

-- clear structure and easy maintenance and management

-- unified and advanced materials to meet the needs of future development

-- strong flexibility, adapting to different needs, and very flexible to use

It is easy to expand, which not only saves the cost but also improves the reliability of the system.

4. Materials used in wiring

-- Wire grooves (metal and plastic grooves)

-- Bridge frame

When more cables are laid, the bridge will be used.

-- you can also put multiple slots on the bridge.

-- Distribution frame

It is the hub to realize the cross-connection of the two subsystems of vertical trunk line and horizontal cabling.

-- the cables are cross-connected in the management subsystem and used in the main wiring room and each distribution line room.

5. The mode of wiring system

The main results are as follows: (1) the traditional wiring mode, the so-called traditional wiring system, refers to the independent wiring of multiple subsystems using different transmission media.

This will bring a series of disadvantages to the building from the design to the future management. For example:

(2) the disadvantages of traditional cabling:

-- each professional design has too many restrictions on route routing, and the management is complicated. It is necessary to summarize the drawings many times before one can be determined.

A compromise.

During wiring, repeated construction results in a waste of materials and personnel.

-- the subsystems are independent and incompatible, causing great inconvenience to users.

Lack of openness and flexibility, changes in equipment and movement will lead to changes in the wiring system.

It is difficult to maintain and manage, and end users cannot change the original cabling to meet their needs.

It is difficult to expand, or it has a great impact on the beauty of the original building.

(3) structured cabling mode, which is based on the comprehensive consideration of voice, digital, video, image and other requirements in a building or group of buildings.

The wiring system is designed on the.

(4) advantages of structured cabling system

-- taking into account the needs of each system, unified wiring, greatly improving the performance-to-price ratio of the whole system.

-- with openness and full flexibility. That is, no matter how the equipment of each subsystem is changed and how the position is moved, the wiring system does not have to do anything.

How to change.

The design idea is simple, the construction is simple, and the construction cost is reduced.

-- greatly reduce the number and cost of maintenance and management personnel.

It can be changed and adjusted at any time according to the different needs of end users.

(5) the difference between structured cabling system and traditional network cabling.

The biggest difference between structured cabling system and traditional network cabling is that structured cabling is relatively independent of the devices it is connected to. In traditional network cabling, the cable is applied wherever the device is. On the other hand, structured cabling is to lay the cabling system in advance and install information sockets in each office in advance. all the user needs to do is to connect the terminal equipment that needs to surf the Internet with the information socket in the room. more importantly, even if the office space is replanned, the mainframe of the computer can be changed or the location can be adjusted according to different conditions and the connected equipment, the internal jumper and interconnection mechanism can be adjusted to meet the needs of the equipment.

II. Subnetting

1. Reasons for subnetting

-- save IP address resources and improve the utilization of IP addresses

-- it is convenient to divide VLAN, divide local area network, and limit the transmission of broadcasting.

-- meet the needs of different networks for IP addresses

-- realizing the hierarchy of the network

2. Steps for subnetting

-- determine the number of subnets to be divided

Find out the number of bits N of the number of subnets corresponding to the binary number and M of the number of hosts corresponding to the binary number.

For the atomic net mask of the IP address, the subnet mask after the subnetting of the IP address is obtained by taking the first N position of the host address part or the back M position 0.

3. Application of subnetting

Class C address division

After a subnetting, the IP address is divided into three parts: network bits, subnet bits and host bits.

-- corresponding table of subnet mask and related parameters

Subnet mask number of subnets number of hosts number of available hosts

/ 25 2 128 126

/ 26 4 64 62

/ 27 8 32 30

/ 28 16 16 14

/ 29 32 8 6

/ 30 64 4 2

Subnetting formula, where n is the number of subnet bits

Where N is the number of host bits

4 、 VLSM

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask) variable length subnet mask, which specifies how to perform the

Different parts use different subnet masks.

5. IP address summary

The assembly of some small networks into a large network can be regarded as the inverse operation of subnetting.

6. Supernet

Aggregate multiple classified networks into a single network address.

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