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This article mainly introduces the composition of the hardware system of the microcomputer, which has a certain reference value. Interested friends can refer to it. I hope you will gain a lot after reading this article. Let the editor take you to know it.

The hardware system of microcomputer includes four parts: cpu, memory, input device and output device. CPU is the core of the computer hardware, which controls the work of the whole computer system; the memory is the memory storage component of the computer; the input device is the bridge of communication between the computer and users or other devices; the output device is the terminal equipment of the computer hardware system.

The hardware system of microcomputer includes four parts: cpu, memory, input device and output device.

1. Central processing unit

The central processing unit (Central Processing Unit,CPU) is made on an integrated circuit chip, also known as a microprocessor (Micro Processor Unit,MPU). The computer uses the central processing unit to process data and uses memory to store data. CPU is the core of computer hardware, which mainly includes two parts: arithmetic unit and controller, which controls the work of the whole computer system. The performance of the computer mainly depends on the performance of the CPU.

An arithmetic unit is also known as an arithmetic logic unit (Arithmetic Logic Unit,ALU). During the operation, the controller takes the data from the memory, the arithmetic unit carries out arithmetic operation or logical operation, and sends the processed result back to the memory.

The main function of the controller is to make the whole computer run automatically. When executing the program, the controller takes the corresponding instruction data from the main memory, then sends the control signal required by the instruction to other functional components, completes the corresponding operation, and then takes the next instruction from the main memory to execute, so that the cycle until the program is completed.

2. Memory

Memory is a memory storage unit in a computer. The memory can not only accept and save data, but also provide data to other components. Memory is divided into two categories: memory and out-of-memory.

In computer systems, it is customary to call memory and CPU as hosts.

(1) memory

Internal memory is divided into three types: random read / write memory (Random Access Memory,RAM), read-only memory (Read OnlyMemory,ROM) and cache memory (Cache). Memory generally refers to RAM.

(2) external memory

The external memory mainly includes hard disk, CD, U disk and removable hard disk and so on.

3. Input equipment

Input device: a device that inputs data and information to a computer. It is a bridge for communication between computers and users or other devices. The input device is one of the main devices for information exchange between users and computer systems. Keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, stylus, handwriting tablet, joystick, voice input device and so on are all input devices.

An input device (InputDevice) is a device that people or externally interact with a computer to input raw data and programs that process these numbers into the computer. The computer can receive all kinds of data, which can be either numerical data or non-numerical data, such as graphics, images, sound, etc., which can be input to the computer through different types of input devices for storage, processing and output.

Input devices mainly include keyboard, mouse and so on.

(1) Keyboard

The keyboard is the standard input device of the computer. Through the keyboard, you can input various instructions, programs, data and so on to the computer.

(2) Mouse

The mouse is the standard input device of the microcomputer, and the icons and menus in the graphical interface can be easily visualized by using the mouse. At present, the second generation optical mouse is mainly used on microcomputers, and the plug and pull USB interface is adopted.

4. Output equipment

The output device (Output Device) is the terminal device of the computer hardware system, which is used to receive the output display, print, sound, control the operation of peripheral equipment and so on. It also shows all kinds of calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds and so on.

The main output devices are monitors and printers.

(1) display

Monitor is a necessary "soft copy" output device for microcomputer, and the more common ones are cathode ray tube display (Cathode Ray Tube,CRT) and liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display,LCD).

(2) Printer

Printer is a commonly used "hard copy" output device of microcomputer. The image output on the monitor can only be viewed at that time. In order to keep the image for a long time, you need to use the printer output.

Thank you for reading this article carefully. I hope the article "what are the components of the hardware system of a microcomputer" shared by the editor will be helpful to everyone? at the same time, I also hope that you will support and pay attention to the industry information channel. more related knowledge is waiting for you to learn!

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