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What is the difference between processes and threads in linux? Many novices are not very clear about this. In order to help you solve this problem, the following editor will explain it in detail. People with this need can come and learn. I hope you can gain something.

Definition of processes and threads

A process is a running activity of a program with a certain independent function on a certain data set, and a process is an independent unit of resource allocation and scheduling in the system.

A thread is the basic unit of an entity line of a process. The thread basically does not own system resources, but only has some essential resources (such as program counters, a set of registers and stacks) that are indispensable in running. But it can share all the resources owned by the process with other threads belonging to the same process, which is the basic unit of CPU scheduling and dispatching.

The difference between threads and processes

The main difference between processes and threads is that they are different ways of managing operating system resources. A process has an independent address space. After a process crashes, it will not affect other processes in protected mode, and threads are just different execution paths in a process. Threads have their own stacks and local variables, but there is no separate address space between threads, so the death of a thread equals the death of the whole process, so a multi-process program is more robust than a multi-thread program, but when a process is switched, it consumes more resources and is less efficient. However, for some concurrent operations that require simultaneous and shared variables, only threads can be used, not processes.

1) in short, a program has at least one process and a process has at least one thread.

2) the division scale of threads is smaller than that of processes, which makes multithreaded programs have high concurrency.

3) in addition, the process has an independent memory unit during execution, and multiple threads share memory, which greatly improves the running efficiency of the program.

4) there is a difference between a thread and a process during execution. Each independent thread has an entrance to the program, a sequential execution sequence, and an exit to the program. However, threads cannot execute independently and must be stored in the application, which provides multiple thread execution control.

5) from a logical point of view, the significance of multithreading is that there are multiple execution parts in an application that can be executed at the same time. However, the operating system does not regard multiple threads as multiple independent applications to achieve process scheduling and management and resource allocation. This is the important difference between processes and threads.

Advantages and disadvantages

Threads and processes have their own advantages and disadvantages: thread execution overhead is small, but it is not conducive to the management and protection of resources, while the process is just the opposite. At the same time, threads are suitable for running on SMP machines, while processes can be migrated across machines.

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