Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

Today, I will talk to you about the explanation and repair skills related to the faults of the computer operating system, which may not be well understood by many people. in order to make you understand better, the editor has summarized the following contents for you. I hope you can get something from this article.

For friends who use the Windows XP operating system, when the operating system crashes or there are some inexplicable errors in use, they usually use methods such as reinstalling the system or using Ghost for system recovery. However, using these methods has its own defects, such as reinstalling the system, then the original system settings and software must be reinstalled, which is very troublesome. In fact, there are ways to fix every system error, and the system repair function of the Windows XP operating system is also very powerful, through which we can fix errors in the system and update system files. The original system settings and installed programs will not change. In this article, we will explain the repair techniques from the faults related to the Windows operating system.

1. Specific skills of system repair

1. Fix the Windows XP search function

Search Assistant in Windows XP is a new feature, but because of the file version, many friends find it difficult to use after installation.

Follow me, open the registry editor and navigate to [HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindows]

CurrentVersionExplorerCabinetState], create a new string value "Use Search Asst" = "no" (figure 1).

Fix Windows XP search function

Check the SHELL32.DLL file language version under C:WINDOWSSYSTEM32, Chinese (0804), English (0600), Singapore Chinese (1004), Taiwan Chinese (0409), and change the directory name under C:windowssrchasstmui to the same number as the SHELL32.DLL language version, such as 0804 or 0409. OK, now open the search assistant and see if the cute puppy has come out!

2. Repair method of startup function of Windows XP system.

When Windows XP cannot start in safe mode and other startup options, you can try the following two ways.

A, "the last correct configuration" method

In the Windows XP startup menu, you can select the Last correct configuration key to restore the registry by:

(1) while restarting the computer, hold down the "F8" key until the Windows Advanced Startup options menu appears.

(2) use the arrow keys to highlight "Last correct configuration" (figure 2), and then press "Enter" key.

Repair method of startup function of Windows XP system

When you choose "Last correct configuration" to start your computer, Windows restores only the information in the registry key "HKLMSystemCurrentControlSet". Any changes made in other registry keys remain unchanged.

B. Fault recovery console method

When you cannot start your computer, you can also run the recovery console from the Windows XP installation CD to try to fix the error:

(1) insert the installation CD and restart the computer from the CD drive.

(2) press the "R" key to select the repair or restore option.

(3) if you have a dual-boot or multi-boot system, select the drive to access from the recovery console.

(4) when prompted, type the password of the local administrator account Administrator. In most cases, you need a password for your built-in Administrator account to use the recovery console, which is empty by default.

(5) at the system prompt, type the "Fixboot" command and press the "Enter" key, and the system will write the new partition boot sector to the system partition to fix the startup problem.

(6) Type the "Exit" command, press the "Enter" key, exit the recovery console and restart the computer.

Tip: the above applies to both Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. You can try it in special cases, which may help you solve the startup failure of the system.

3. Fault repair method of Windows XP network.

In operating system versions above Windows XP, Microsoft has added a "fix" option to the status properties in Support Tab. When you click "repair", Windows will try to repair your network connection. Specifically,

The operating system follows these steps:

(1) if this connection is passed.

(2) refresh the ARP cache (arp-d *)

(3) refresh NetBIOS cache (nbtstat-R)

(4) refresh DNS cache (ipconfig / flushdns)

(5) re-register the NetBIOS name and IP address on WINS (nbtstat-RR)

(6) re-register the computer name and IP address on DNS (ipconfig / registerdns)

4. Troubleshooting of Windows 98/XP dual system startup menu

My computer is equipped with Windows 98/XP dual system, Windows 98 on disk C and Windows XP on disk D. A few days ago, Windows 98 was reinstalled. According to some articles, back up the seven files of boot.ini, ntldr, ntdetect.com, bootsect.dos, io.sys, msdos.sys, bootfont.bin under the root directory of C disk. After reinstallation, the dual system boot menu is lost. Try to paste the backup file into the root directory of C disk. The "tried and tested" dual boot menu does not appear after reboot. It turns out that it can be repaired like this:

a. Before repairing, set in BIOS to boot from the CD-ROM drive. Start the computer with the Windows XP installation disk, and after loading the necessary drivers, the Windows XP installation interface appears. There are three options:

(1) to install Windows XP now, press the "Enter" key.

(2) to use the recovery console to repair the Windows XP installation, press the "R" key.

(3) to exit the installer, do not install Windows XP, press "F3" key

b. Press the "R" key to enter the "Microsoft Windows XP (TM) recovery console" interface, which provides system repair and recovery functions. At this time, the system will search for the installed Windows XP system files, then display the search results, and ask "which Windows XP installation do you want to log in to (to cancel, press Enter)", select 1. D:Windows, enter, the system will ask "administrator password" again, type the administrator password set when installing Windows XP, enter, and D:Windows > appears. At this time, you need to enter the repair command Fixboot. The following parameter is the disk letter to be written in the boot sector. Fill in the Corel here and enter. The repair is complete, type Exit to exit. After rebooting, you will see the long-lost double boot menu. And, after this repair, there are basically no junk files.

5. Repair Windows XP disk

A bad hard disk is the last thing computer users want to see, because it is likely to cause serious consequences such as data loss. What if there is a bad way? How to minimize the risk and avoid trouble in the future.

I provide you with a way to eliminate the bad path, which may be a logical bad way, which will be eliminated after reformatting the partition, so I found the Windows 98 boot disk and used the Fdisk and Format commands to partition and format the hard disk after starting the computer. But as a result, the bad road still exists, and when there is nothing I can do, I think that there is still a Windows XP installation CD on hand. In the mood of trying, insert the CD, and repartition and format the hard disk with the integrated partition and formatting tools during the installation. When the operating system is installed, check with the disk scan tool, and the bad path magically disappears!

I think Windows XP's partitioning and formatting tools are more powerful than Windows 98's, have a strong ability to fix logical bad channels, and may also be able to block physical bad channels. Therefore, if your computer's hard drive also has a bad path that is not easy to recover, you can try the partition on the installation CD of Windows XP first, and you may get unexpected results.

6. Fix the IE browser of Windows XP SP2

IE often has failures of one kind or another, such as clicking on a link but not responding. Enter URL in the start menu in the running conversation, but do not pop up the IE window. These are just two of the many problems encountered by users.

A simple way to deal with these problems is to reinstall IE. This is useful, but reinstalling IE is a bit of a mountain out of a molehill for this simpler problem.

Many of these problems with IE are found in unregistered dynamic link libraries (DLL) supported by IE, such as browseui.dll,urlmon.dll,isetup.dll. Sometimes it is because of malicious programs such as spyware, which makes DLL unregistered and invades some of the functions of IE. And sometimes it's because of accident.

Whatever the reason, the solution is to re-register DLL, either manually through the REGSVR32 command or reinstall IE. Reinstalling IE solves this problem because all relevant DLL is re-registered through the installer of the application, but manual registration is usually more convenient than the entire installation.

I've talked about these issues in my article, but only with manual fixes. In order to solve this problem, Microsoft made changes in the IE version of Windows XP Server 2 so that all IE DLL can be re-registered immediately. You can enter at any command prompt:

"% ProgramFiles%Internet Exploreriexplore.exe" / rereg

Pay special attention to the quotation marks here because it describes the executable pathname.

Note: this method does not apply to other versions of Windows, it is only for Windows XP Service Pack 2.

7. Repair system files with Win XP installation disk

If the system files of your Windows XP operating system are damaged by viruses or other reasons, here I will tell you a way to repair the system files, that is, through the Windows XP installation disk to repair the damaged files.

The specific process of recovery is as follows:

To search for corrupted files on Windows XP's installation disk, it is important to note that the last character of the file name is replaced by the underscore "_". For example, if you want to search for "Notepad.exe", you need to use "Notepad.ex_" to search.

Once searched, open command-line mode (enter "cmd" in run), and then enter: "full path of the EXPAND source file, full path of the target file." For example: EXPAND Dvu SETUPNOTEPAD.EX _ C:WindowsNOTEPAD.EXE. It is important to note that if there are spaces in the path, the path needs to be enclosed in double quotation marks (English quotation marks).

Of course it's best to find it, but sometimes we can't find the files we need when we search in Windows XP. One reason for this is that the file you are looking for is in the "CAB" file. Because Windows XP treats "CAB" as a folder, for Windows XP systems, just drag the "CAB" file right and copy it to the appropriate directory.

If you are using another Windows platform, search for the "CAB" file that contains the target file name. Then open the command line mode and enter: "full path to the EXTRACT / L target location CAB file", for example: EXTRACT / L C:Windows D:I386Driver.cab Notepad.exe. As before, as if there are spaces in the path, you need to enclose the path in double quotation marks.

8. Repair the system with Windows XP's own function

Take the Windows XP Professional version as an example to introduce the operation method of system repair.

A, when using the Windows XP system repair function, restart the computer, put the Windows XP system installation CD into the CD drive, the screen will display the prompt message "Press any key to boot from CD" (press any key to start booting from the CD), press any key such as "Enter" key.

B. when the message "Windows XP Professional installer, Welcome to setup" appears on the screen, press the "Enter" key. It should be noted that the "R" key cannot be pressed here, and if the "R" key is pressed, the failure console repair program for the Windows XP system will be started.

C. In the "Windows XP installation Agreement, Windows XP Professional end user installation Agreement" interface that appears, press the "F8" key and agree to accept the license agreement.

The message "Windows XP Professional installer, if one of the following Windows XP installations is damaged, the installer can try to repair" appears. Display the Windows XP installer that needs to be repaired in the list box below the window. If there are more than one, use the up and down arrows to highlight the system that needs to be repaired, and finally press the "R" key.

D. when the screen says "Windows XP Professional installer, setup has attempted to update the following Windows installation", press the "Enter" key.

In this way, the Windows XP system will be installed automatically, and the installation time is basically the same as that of reinstalling the system. Using the repaired installed Windows XP operating system, the original system settings, installed software, and personal information will not be changed. In addition, it should be noted that to use the repair installation function of Windows XP, you must use the Windows XP installation CD of the original system, otherwise, even if you can successfully repair the system, you will not be able to log in to the Windows XP system.

9. Repair corrupted system files

If Windows XP's system files are corrupted by viruses or other reasons, we can recover those corrupted files from Windows XP's installation disk.

The specific methods are as follows:

To search for corrupted files on Windows XP's installation disk, it is important to note that the last character of the file name is replaced by the underscore "_". For example, if you want to search for "Notepad.exe", you need to use "Notepad.ex_" to search.

Once searched, open command-line mode (enter "cmd" in run), and then enter: "full path of the EXPAND source file, full path of the target file." For example: EXPANDD:SETUPNOTEPAD.EX_C:WindowsNOTEPAD.EXE. It is important to note that if there are spaces in the path, the path needs to be enclosed in double quotation marks (English quotation marks).

Of course it's best to find it, but sometimes we can't find the files we need when we search in Windows XP. One reason for this is that the file you are looking for is in the "CAB" file. Because Windows XP treats "CAB" as a folder, for Windows XP systems, just drag the "CAB" file right and copy it to the appropriate directory.

If you are using another Windows platform, search for the "CAB" file that contains the target file name. Then open the command line mode and enter: "the full path to the CAB file in the EXTRACT/L target location", for example: EXTRACT/LC:WindowsD:I386Driver.cabNotepad.exe. As before, as if there are spaces in the path, you need to enclose the path in double quotation marks.

10. Repair the missing Rundll32.exe file

Rundll32.exe program, as its name implies, is a 32-bit DLL file, which is an essential system file. Without it, some projects and programs will not be executed. However, because of its particularity, it is easy to be destroyed. If you open some items in the control panel with the error message that "Windows can not find the file 'C:Windowssystem32 Rundll32.exe'" (figure 3), you can solve it by doing the following.

Repair missing Rundll32.exe files

Step 1: insert the Windows XP installation CD into your CD drive, and then click "start → run".

Step 2: enter the "expand x:i386rundll32.ex_c:windowssystem32 rundll32.exe" command in the "run" window and enter to execute (where "x" is the drive letter of the optical drive).

Step 3: after the repair, restart the system.

11. Repair methods for the loss of alternative files

When this kind of failure occurs, it usually gives a set of CLSID registration codes, rather than telling the user the name of the damaged or missing file, so it often makes some rookies feel overwhelmed. For example, the author in the run window to execute the "gpedit.msc" command to open the group policy has appeared "snap-in initialization failed" prompt window (figure 4), click "OK" can not normally open the corresponding group policy, and after inspection found that is caused by the loss of gpedit.dll files, although there is no prompt for the lost files in the window, but in the actual resolution of this kind of failure is not very difficult.

The repair method for the loss of alternative files

In fact, the CLSID (Class IDoridentifier) class identification prompt in the window is a clue to solve the problem, because each object will be assigned a unique identity in the registry, so we can find it in the registry to get the relevant clues, the specific methods are as follows.

Execute the "regedit" command in the "run" window, then click "Edit → find" in the open registry window, then enter the CLSID identity in the input box (in this case, the CLSID identity is "{8FC0B734-A0E1-11D1-A7D3-0000F87571E3}"), then select the "InProcServer32" key in the searched class identity, and then double-click the "default" key in the right window. At this point, you will see "% SystemRoot%System32 GPEdit.dll" in the "numeric data", where GPEdit.dll is the file lost or corrupted by the failure in this example. At this time, as long as the relevant files in the installation CD are unzipped or copied directly to the corresponding directory, they can be completely repaired.

12. Resolve the loss of NTLDR files

In the event of a sudden power outage or the installation of a lower version of the operating system on the basis of a high version of the system, it is easy to cause the loss of NTLDR files, so that a "NTLDR is Missing Press any key to restart" failure prompt will appear when logging in to the system, which can be resolved in the "recovery console".

Enter the recovery console, insert the Windows XP installation CD, enter the "copy x:i386ntldr c:" command in the command state of the recovery console and enter ("x" is the letter of the drive where the optical drive is located), then execute the "copy x:i386ntdetect.com c:" command, type "y" to confirm if you are prompted to overwrite the file, and press enter.

13. Repair damaged Boot.ini files

When you encounter the failure of missing NTLDR files, boot.ini files are likely to be lost or corrupted. In this way, after repairing the NTLDR above, execute the "bootcfg / redirect" command in the recovery console to rebuild the Boot.ini file. Finally, execute the "fixboot c:" command, enter "y" when prompted to confirm and enter, so that the system partition of Windows XP can be written to the boot sector. When all the commands have been executed, type the "exit" command to exit the recovery console, and the system will be restored after reboot.

Second, making repair tools

1. Let the SFC command fully repair the damaged files.

If the system becomes very unstable due to the loss of too many important system files, it will drive people crazy to fix them one by one according to the methods described above. At this point, you need to use the SFC file detector command to comprehensively detect and repair damaged system files.

Execute the "sfc / scannow" command in the run window, and the sfc file detector will immediately scan all protected system files (figure 5), prompting the user to insert the Windows installation CD. In this way, in about 10 minutes, SFC will detect and repair protected system files.

Let the SFC command fully repair the damaged files

Tip: if you do not have a Windows XP installation disk around you, but when you backed up the installation disk files on the hard disk, you can also follow the following settings to make SFC recover the system files through the installation files on the hard disk.

In the registry editor window, expand the "HKEY_LOCAL _ MACHINESOFTWAREMicrosoftWindows CurrentVersionSetup" subkey in turn, and then modify the three keys Installation Sources, ServicePackSourcePath and SourcePath in the right window to the path of the system installer on the hard disk, for example, the installation source file of Windows XP is stored in the G disk WinXP folder, then modify the key value of the above three keys to "G:WinXP". In this way, when you use the SFC command, you can directly use the installation files on the hard drive to restore the system, without the need to insert the installation CD.

2. How to make Win XP automatic recovery system repair disk

The ASR (automatic recovery system) function in the Windows XP operating system can easily back up the system, but when restoring ASR image files, you must provide a previously made recovery floppy disk to complete all operations. In other words, if you don't have a floppy drive installed on your computer, you can't use this service. However, we can first make the "ASR repair disk", and after installing the floppy drive, we can use this repair disk to restore the image files. But how to make a "ASR repair disk" without a floppy drive? You can do this by doing the following:

Click "start → all programs → Accessories → system tool → backup" in Windows XP, and click the "automatic system recovery Wizard" button in the "Welcome" tab to start the "automatic system recovery preparation Wizard" (figure 6). When prompted, type the name and save path of the image file in the text box under backup Media or File name to make the image file.

How to make Win XP automatic recovery system repair disk

Open Explorer, expand the "% windir%repair" folder (for example: C:Windowsrepair), copy the two files asr.sif and asrpnp.sif to the computer where the floppy drive is installed, if you are a LAN user, just copy these two files to the "shared folder" of Windows XP, and then copy the two files to the floppy disk on the computer where the floppy drive is installed.

3. Make Windows XP password repair disk

In Windows XP, users can protect their privacy by setting a password for their account, but what if you forget the password yourself? If you only have a formatted hard disk in Windows 2000, we can create a password repair boot disk in Windows XP so that you can boot your computer from this floppy disk if you forget your password.

Click the "user account" item in the Control Panel, select your own account in the pop-up window, and you will enter the control interface of your own account. Click the "stop a forgotten password" item at the top left to open the "forgot password Wizard" (figure 7).

Make Windows XP password repair disk

Now insert a formatted blank disk into the floppy drive, and then follow the "forgot password Wizard" and click the "next" button. On the way, you will be asked to enter the current password for this account. Wait a few seconds before you can create a password boot disk. But this boot disk must be put away, others can easily log in with your account with this floppy disk.

If you forget your password during startup, just click the right arrow next to your account, then click "reset disk with password" in the pop-up prompt bar, and then insert the floppy disk into the floppy drive. follow the prompts to change the password and start the computer.

Summary

Windows operating system is a relatively fragile operating system, used for a long time, it is inevitable to have a variety of failures, but these faults are not irregular, with the continuous enrichment of experience, everyone's ability to repair system faults will become higher and higher.

Attached: explain the basic knowledge of system repair

1. What is system recovery?

With the system recovery feature of Windows XP, users (system administrators and owners) can restore the machine to its previous state if it encounters problems. The system recovery feature automatically monitors changes in system files and some application files, and records or stores the state before the changes. With the system recovery feature, users no longer have to think about saving snapshots for the system, because it automatically creates a restore point that is easy to identify and allows the user to restore the system to its previous state. Restore points are created when major system events occur, such as installing an application or driver, and are also created on a regular (daily) basis. In addition, users can create and name their own restore points at any time.

Which versions of 2.Windows have system recovery capabilities?

Windows Me and Windows XP (Home Edition and Professional Edition). The following questions and answers are mainly for Windows XP.

3. What is the difference between system recovery and file backup?

System recovery monitors only a set of core system files and certain types of application files, such as those with the suffix exe or dll, to record the status of these files before the change, while the backup tool is used to back up the user's personal data files to ensure that a secure copy is stored on the local disk or other media. System recovery does not monitor or restore changes made to personal data files, such as documents, graphics, e-mail, and so on. The system data contained in the restore point of the system recovery can only be restored within a period of time, while the backup made by the backup tool can be restored at any time.

4. Does the system recovery need to be turned on by the user?

I don't need it. Windows XP system recovery is automatically turned on, but at least 200m of free hard disk space is required. If the hard drive does not have 200m free space, the system recovery will be automatically disabled and will be turned on automatically once there is enough space. By default, the system recovery takes up to 12% of the hard disk space, and its "automatic restore point space management" will clear the oldest restore point, free up space and maintain the scrolling security of the system recovery.

5. Will system recovery degrade system performance?

No, I won't. When monitoring the running state of the system, the system recovery will not significantly affect the performance of the system. Creating a restore point is a very fast process, usually only a few seconds. Regular system status checks (the default is once every 24 hours) are also performed only during the system's idle time and will not interfere with the operation of any user programs.

6. Who has the right to use the system recovery?

Only users with administrator privileges can use system recovery to restore the past system state, or to adjust system recovery parameter settings. However, the process of creating a restore point has nothing to do with whether the administrator is logged in. For example, system restore still creates system checkpoints and event-driven checkpoints when other users who are not administrators use the machine, but that user cannot use the restore feature, and only users with administrator privileges have the right to restore the machine state.

7. Does system recovery protect user personal data files such as Word documents and e-mails?

No, no, no. System recovery does not monitor changes to user personal data files such as documents, graphics, e-mails, and so on, so these files cannot be restored.

8. Which files are monitored by the system recovery?

System recovery only monitors a set of core system files and certain types of application files (such as file suffixes exe and dll, etc.), and records the status of these files before the system changes. For all protected file types, see the "monitored File suffix" in the platform SDK system recovery section.

9. How does system recovery deal with password issues?

Unrecovered password:

1) Windows XP password and password question prompts will not be restored. This is to prevent the restore point from including an old password that the user can no longer remember, thus causing confusion and inconvenience to the user.

2) IE and Content Advisor password and password questions will not be restored. For the same reason.

Recovered password:

1) recover Web server-based application passwords such as Windows Messenger, AOL Messenger, QQ, etc. Restoring these old passwords will not bother users, because what is stored in the machine is only a backup of the password, and the actual password is stored in the Web server. System recovery only restores the old password stored locally by the application without actually changing the program password. The user still needs to log in to the server with the current password.

2) the domain and host passwords are similar to the above. Once the host reconnects to the domain, the old password in cache is upgraded to the current password.

10. How much hard disk space is needed for system recovery?

1) for hard drives larger than 4G, by default, system recovery takes up 12% of the hard disk space.

2) for hard drives smaller than 4G, by default, system recovery takes up only 400m of space.

3) users can adjust the space for system recovery at any time

After reading the above, do you have any further understanding of the fault explanation and repair skills related to the computer operating system? If you want to know more knowledge or related content, please follow the industry information channel, thank you for your support.

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