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How to understand Web and network foundation, many novices are not very clear about this, in order to help you solve this problem, the following editor will explain for you in detail, people with this need can come to learn, I hope you can gain something.

The birth of HTTP

HTTP came out in 1990. At that time, HTTP was not established as a formal standard. The current HTTP actually means the previous version of HTTP1.0, so it is called HTTP/0.9.

HTTP was officially published as a standard in May 1996, and the version was named HTTP/1.0 and recorded in RFC1945.

HTTP/1.1 published in January 1997 is the mainstream version of HTTP protocol at present. The original standard was RFC208, and then the revised version of RFC2616 is the latest version.

Network basic TCP/IP

TCP/IP is the general name of all kinds of protocols related to the Internet.

According to the hierarchy, the TCP/IP protocol family is divided into the following four layers: application layer, transport layer, network layer and data link layer.

The functions of the layers of the TCP/IP protocol family are as follows:

The application layer determines the activity of communication when providing application services to users. Protocols such as HTTP, FTP, DNS, etc., are at this layer.

The transport layer provides data transfer between two computers in a network connection. There are two different protocols in the transport layer: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (user Datagram Protocol).

The network layer is used to process packets that flow over the network. This layer specifies the path (the so-called transmission route) to the other computer and sends the packet to the other party. When transmitting with each other through multiple computers or network devices, the role of the network layer is to choose a transmission route among many options.

The link layer is used to deal with the hardware that connects to the network.

Protocols closely related to HTTP: IP, TCP and DNS

The function of the IP protocol is to send various packets to each other.

TCP is located in the transport layer and provides reliable byte streaming services. (three-way handshake)

A protocol in which DNS services are located at the application layer like the HTTP protocol. It provides resolution service from domain name to IP address.

URI and URL

URI (uniform Resource Identifier) uses a string to identify an Internet resource, and URL indicates the location of the resource (the location on the Internet). URL is a subset of URI.

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