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I would like to share with you what factors the performance of the computer mainly depends on. I believe most people don't know much about it, so I hope I can share this article for your reference. I hope you will gain a lot after reading this article. Let's learn about it together.

The performance of the computer mainly depends on: word length, operation speed (the number of instructions that can be executed per second), the capacity of internal memory, the capacity of external memory, the speed of I big O, video memory, hard disk speed, and the main frequency of CPU (the clock frequency at which the CPU kernel works).

The function or performance of a microcomputer is not determined by a certain index, but by its system structure, instruction set, hardware composition, software configuration and other factors. However, for most ordinary users, the performance of the computer can be evaluated from the following indicators.

1. Operation speed

Operation speed is an important index to measure the performance of computer. The so-called computer operation speed (average operation speed) refers to the number of instructions that can be executed per second, which is generally described as "millions of instructions per second" (mips,MillionInstructionPerSecond). On the same computer, the time required to perform different operations may be different, so different methods are often used to describe the operation speed. Commonly used are CPU clock frequency (main frequency), average number of execution instructions per second (ips) and so on. Microcomputer generally uses the main frequency to describe the operation speed, for example, the main frequency of Pentium/133 is 133 MHz, the main frequency of Pentium Ⅲ / 800 is 800 MHz, and the main frequency of Pentium41.5G is 1.5 GHz. Generally speaking, the higher the dominant frequency, the faster the operation speed.

2. Word length

A set of binary numbers processed by a computer at the same time is called a computer's "word", and the number of digits of this set of binary numbers is "word length". Other indicators are the same, the larger the word length, the faster the computer can process the data. Early microcomputers generally had word lengths of 8 and 16 bits. At present, 586 (Pentium,PentiumPro,Pentium Ⅱ, Pentium Ⅲ, Pentium4) is mostly 32-bit, and now most people install 64-bit.

3. The capacity of internal memory

Internal memory, also referred to as main memory, is a memory that can be accessed directly by CPU. The programs to be executed and the data to be processed are stored in main memory. The size of the internal memory capacity reflects the computer's ability to store information in real time. With the upgrade of operating system, the continuous enrichment of application software and the continuous expansion of functions, people's demand for computer memory capacity is also increasing. Currently, running Windows95 or Windows98 operating systems requires at least 16MB of memory, while WindowsXP requires more than 128m of memory. The larger the memory capacity, the more powerful the system function and the larger the amount of data that can be processed.

4. Capacity of external memory

External storage capacity usually refers to the hard disk capacity (including internal and removable hard drives). The larger the external memory capacity, the more information can be stored, and the more applications can be installed. At present, the capacity of hard disk generally ranges from 10g to 60G, and some even reach 120g.

5. The speed of Icano

The speed of the host IPUBO depends on the design of the IPUP O bus. This has little to do with slow devices (such as keyboards, printers), but has a significant effect on high-speed devices. For example, for the current hard disk, its external transfer rate has reached more than 20MB/S, 4OMB/S.

6. Video memory

The performance of video memory is determined by two factors, one is capacity, the other is bandwidth. Capacity is easy to understand, and its size determines how much data can be cached. In terms of bandwidth, it can be understood as the channel for data exchange between the video memory and the core. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data exchange. Therefore, capacity and bandwidth are the key factors to measure the performance of video memory.

In addition, the bandwidth is determined by frequency and bit width, and the calculation formula is: bandwidth = frequency X bit width / 8. For example, two graphics cards with the same core and video memory capacity, card 1's video memory is DDR3 1600MHz frequency and 128bit width, card 2's video memory is DDR2 800MHZ frequency and 256bit width. It seems that the two apparent memory parameters are different, but calculated by the formula, both are the bandwidth of 25.6G/S, and the performance is the same. Therefore, as long as we understand the nature, no matter how complex and changeable products are, they can't fool us.

Video memory capacity: the common capacities are 128m, 256m, 512m, 896m, 1G and so on. The larger the capacity, the more data can be cached.

Video memory frequency: generally there are several types, such as DDR2, DDR3, GDDR3, GDDR5 and so on. The frequency of GDDR5 is the highest and the equivalent frequency can reach above 4GHZ. DDR2 has the slowest frequency, and some even have only 667MHZ.

Video memory bit width: there are generally 64bit, 128bit, 256bit, 448bit, 512bit and so on. The larger the bit width, the more difficult it is to manufacture and the higher the cost, so most of the time manufacturers prefer to choose the combination of low bit width and high frequency, which can reduce the cost while ensuring the performance (common in A card products).

7. Hard disk speed

The rotational speed (RotationalSpeed) is the rotation speed of the motor spindle in the hard disk, that is, the maximum number of revolutions that the hard disk can complete in one minute. The speed of the speed is one of the important parameters to mark the grade of the hard disk, it is one of the key factors to determine the internal transfer rate of the hard disk, and directly affects the speed of the hard disk to a great extent.

The faster the speed of the hard disk, the faster the speed of the hard disk to find files, and the relative transmission speed of the hard disk has been improved.

The speed of the hard disk is expressed in revolutions per minute, expressed in units as RPM,RPM, which is the abbreviation of Revolutions Perminute, which is rpm. The higher the RPM value, the faster the internal transfer rate, the shorter the access time, and the better the overall performance of the hard drive. The spindle motor of the hard disk drives the disc to rotate at a high speed, resulting in buoyancy that makes the head float above the disc. To bring the sector to which you want to access the data under the head, the faster the speed, the shorter the waiting time. Therefore, the speed of the hard disk is largely determined by the rotational speed.

8. Main frequency

The main frequency of the CPU, that is, the clock rate at which the CPU kernel works. The so-and-so CPU is commonly referred to as the number of megahertz, and this number of megahertz is the "main frequency of CPU".

There is a certain relationship between the main frequency and the actual operation speed, but there is not a definite formula that can quantify the numerical relationship between the two, because the operation speed of CPU depends on all aspects of the performance index of the CPU pipeline (cache, instruction set, the number of digits of CPU, etc.). Because the main frequency does not directly represent the operation speed, under certain circumstances, the actual operation speed of CPU with higher main frequency is likely to be lower. For example, most of the AthlonFX series CPU of AMD can achieve the CPU performance of Intel's Pentium 4 series CPU with lower main frequency, so the AthlonFX series CPU is named with PR value. Therefore, the dominant frequency is only one aspect of the performance of CPU, and does not represent the overall performance of CPU.

The main frequency of CPU does not represent the speed of CPU, but increasing the main frequency is very important to improve the speed of CPU operation. For example, if a CPU executes an operation instruction in a clock cycle, CPU will be twice as fast when running on the 100MHz main frequency as it is running on the 50MHz main frequency. Because the clock cycle of 100MHz is half the clock cycle time of 50MHz, that is, the time required by CPU working at 100MHz main frequency to execute an operation instruction is only half that of 10ns, which is half that of 20ns working at 50MHz main frequency, and the natural operation speed is twice as fast. However, the overall running speed of the computer depends not only on the CPU operation speed, but also on the operation of other subsystems. only when the main frequency is increased, the running speed of each subsystem and the data transmission speed between the subsystems can be improved, can the overall running speed of the computer be really improved.

The improvement of the working frequency of CPU is mainly limited by the production process. Because CPU is made on semiconductor silicon wafer, wires are needed to connect the elements on silicon wafer. Under the condition of high frequency, wire is required to be as thin as possible. Only in this way can stray interference such as wire distributed capacitance be reduced to ensure correct CPU calculation. Therefore, the limitation of manufacturing process is one of the biggest obstacles to the development of CPU main frequency. The more mainstream memory frequencies are DDR2 memory of 667MHz and 800MHz, and DDR3 memory of 1333MHz. More high-end to GHz computing, such as high-end enterprise demand of the main frequency ≥ 2.4GHz.

These are all the contents of the article "what are the main factors that the performance of a computer depends on?" Thank you for reading! I believe we all have a certain understanding, hope to share the content to help you, if you want to learn more knowledge, welcome to follow the industry information channel!

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