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First, open Baidu.

From selenium import webdriverimport timedriver = webdriver.Chrome () driver.get ('https://www.baidu.com/')

Take Zhihu as an example, open a new interface and use the execute_script () method to execute the JavaScript code.

And call the current_url property of driver, and then view the url of the current page:

Driver.execute_script ("window.open ('https://www.zhihu.com')")print(driver.current_url))"

The current page is still Baidu. If you want to change the current page to Zhihu, you need to continue to switch it over with code.

The print handle, that is, the window_handles property of driver, outputs as follows:

Print (driver.window_handles)

Is a list of two elements, representing the two web pages opened above, Baidu and Zhihu.

Pass it into the switch_to.window () method respectively, and then print the url of the current page. The output is as follows. You can see that the page has been switched successfully.

Win1 = driver.window_handles [0] driver.switch_to.window (win1) print (driver.current_url) time.sleep (2) win2 = driver.window_handles [1] driver.switch_to.window (win2) print (driver.current_url)

About the order of handles in the list

It is recommended that it is generally best to open only one additional web page, and it is not recommended to open more web pages to switch. When there are more than two open pages, it is not easy to determine which page the elements in the handle list represent. Take the following code as an example, in the following order.

From selenium import webdriverimport timedriver = webdriver.Chrome () driver.get ('https://www.baidu.com/')# opens a new page driver.execute_script (' window.open ('https://www.zhihu.com')")driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.lagou.com/')")driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.jianshu.com/')")win1 = driver.window) _ handles [0] driver.switch_to.window (win1) print (driver.current_url) time.sleep (2) win2 = driver.window_handles [1] driver.switch_to.window (win2) print (driver.current_url) time.sleep (2) win3 = driver.window_handles [2] driver.switch_to.window (win3) print (driver.current_url) time.sleep (2) win4 = driver.window_handles [3] driver.switch_to.window (win4) print (driver.current_url)

The output is shown in the figure, and the first element of the handle represents the main web page interface that we opened for the first time

Then we open Zhihu, retractor and brief book in turn, but the 234 elements in the handle list represent brief book, retractor and Zhihu in turn.

It can be considered that it is the opposite of the order in which our code is written after the second element.

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