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This article will explain in detail what is the principle comparison between sub-database sub-table and NewSQL database. The content of the article is of high quality. Therefore, Xiaobian shares it with you as a reference. I hope that after reading this article, you will have a certain understanding of relevant knowledge.

Recently, I have communicated with my peers in science and technology. I have often been asked how to choose between sub-database and distributed database. There are also many articles on middleware + traditional relational database (sub-database and sub-table) and NewSQL distributed database on the Internet. However, some opinions and judgments are extreme. It is unfair to evaluate the scheme from the environment.

This paper compares the key characteristics of the two modes, hoping to clarify their true advantages and disadvantages and applicable scenarios as objectively and neutrally as possible.

Where is NewSQL Database Advanced?

First of all, about whether "middleware + relational database sub-database sub-table" is NewSQL distributed database problem, there is a foreign paper pavlo-newsql-sigmodrec, if according to the classification in this article, Spanner, TiDB, OB are the first new architecture type, Sharding-Sphere, Mycat, DRDS and other middleware solutions are the second (there is a third cloud database in this article, this article will not introduce in detail).

Is it a distributed architecture based on middleware (including SDK and Proxy)+ traditional relational database (sub-database and sub-table)? I think it is, because storage is really distributed, and it can also scale horizontally. But is it a "pseudo" distributed database? From the perspective of advanced architecture, there is some truth in this statement. "False" is mainly reflected in SQL parsing and execution plan generation repeated between middleware layer and bottom DB, storage engine based on B+Tree, etc., which is actually redundant and inefficient in distributed database architecture. In order to avoid the war of words between authentic and false distributed database, NewSQL database in this paper refers to this new architecture NewSQL database.

Where is NewSQL database advanced compared to middleware + database and table? Draw a simple architecture comparison diagram:

Traditional databases are designed for disk, memory-based storage management and concurrency control, not as efficient as NewSQL databases.

Middleware mode SQL parsing, execution plan optimization, etc. work repeatedly in middleware and database, and the efficiency is relatively low;

NewSQL database distributed transactions compared to XA optimization, higher performance;

The new architecture NewSQL database storage design is based on paxos (or Raft) protocol multiple copies, compared with the traditional database master-slave mode (semi-synchronous to asynchronous also has the problem of number loss), in the realization of real high availability, high reliability (RTO)

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