Common basic management commands, classification and summary under Linux system
Source code of this article: GitHub click here | | GitEE click here |
1. Directory directive 1. Create directory make directorymkdir directory name / / mkdir spring Create a spring folder mkdir-p file/file/file / / Recursively create a multi-level relational directory mkdir dir/newdir/ / do not use recursive mkdir-p dir/newdir/newdir / / use recursion 2, Move the directory movemv dir1 dir2 / / move the dir1 directory to the dir2 directory mv dir1/dir2 dir3/ / move the dir2 directory to the dir3 directory mv dir1/dir2 dir3/dir4 / / move the dir2 directory to the dir4 directory mv dir1/dir2. / / move dir2 to the current directory mv dir1/dir2 dir3/dir4 / / dir2 move to the dir4 directory And change the name to "original name" mv dir1/dir2 dir3/dir4/newdir / / dir2 to the dir4 directory, and change the name to "newdir" 3, change the file name mv dir1 newdir1 / / change the name of dir1 to newdir14, copy copy
Copy a file
Cp file1 dir/file2 / / copy file1 to the dir directory and rename it to file2cp file1 dir/ / file1 is copied to the dir directory, and renamed to "original name" cp dir1/file1 dir2/newfile / / file1 is copied to the dir2 directory And change the name to "newfile" copy directory:-r ignore the hierarchical relationship of the directory cp-r dir1 dir2 / / dir1 is copied to the dir2 directory, and rename to "original name" cp-r dir1/dir2 dir3/newdir / / dir2 is copied to the dir3 directory, and rename to "newdir" cp-r dir1/dir2 dir3/dir4 / / dir2 is copied to the dir4 directory And renamed to "original name" cp-r dir1/dir2 dir3/dir4/newdir / / dir2 was made to the dir4 directory, and renamed to "newdir" cp-r dir1. /.. / newdir / / dir1 was copied to the upper two-level directory, and renamed to "newdir" 5, delete removerm file / / delete file remove regular file "/ / y: delete N: cancel operation of rm-r level directory / / Recursive delete directory rm-rf directory / file / / force delete file or directory 2, file directive 1, View the contents of the file cat filename / / print the contents of the file to the output terminal more filename / / View each line of the file line by line by typing enter / / start viewing from the first line by default / / do not support looking back / / enter Q to exit viewing less filename / / View various parts of the file through the "up, down, left and right" keys / / support looking back / / enter Q to exit viewing head-n filename / / View the first n lines of the file tail-n filename / / View the last n lines of the file wc filename / / View the number of lines of the file 2, Create a file touch dir1/filename / / create a file under the specified path touch filename / / create a file under the current directory 3, append content to the file
If the file does not exist, the file is created
Echo content > filename / / append "content" to "File" in the form of [overwrite] echo content > > filename / / write "content" to "File" in [append] form. 3. User instruction
User actions: root login of the system is required
1. Create a user user add
Configuration file: / etc/passwd
Useradduseradd liming / / create a liming user and create a group with the same name to useradd-g group number username / / set up the user's group Avoid creating a group with the same name useradd-g group number-u user number-d home directory username2, modifying the user usermodifyusermod-g group number-u user number-d home directory-l new name username3, deleting the user userdeleteuserdel usernameuserdel-r username / / deleting the user while deleting their home directory 4, setting a password for the user to log in to the system passwd user name 4, group operation
System root login required
1. Create the group groupadd configuration file: / etc/groupgroupadd music2, modify the group groupmodifygroupmod-g gid-n new name groupname3, delete the group groupdeletegroupdel groupname / / if there is a user under the group, it is forbidden to delete the permission directive
Three kinds of access rights are defined in Linux, which are r, w, and x respectively.
R: indicates that the object is readable, octal represents 4w: indicates that the object is writable, octal represents 2x: indicates that the object is executable, and octal represents the permissions of the user group to which the 1-rwx file belongs and other user permissions
Function: modify the permissions of a directory or file
U:user (owner) g:group (group to which)
O:other (others) a:all (owners)
R:read (read) w:write (write) x:execute (execute)
Chmod 460 test.txt: test file owner: r, group: rw, other users do not have permission chmod Ubunw dest_file: add w permissions to the owner of the target file. Chmod upriwx, gourmage, dest_file: add w permissions to the owner of the target file, x permissions to the group you belong to, and w permissions to other users of the system. Chmod Omurw dest_file: remove w permissions to other users of the target file. Chmod u=rwx dest_file: give rwx permission to the owner. Chmod-R 777 / tmp/a, directory a, including all files or directories under the directory, all user rights become rwx. VI. Notepad instructions
Below the edit mode is shown:-- INSERT--
Below the command mode shows: (nothing is displayed by default)
Under trailing mode:: wq (exit and save)
1. Edit mode operation a: move the cursor back one bit. I: the cursor and the character do not change. O: give a new line s: delete the character where the cursor is located. 2. Tail mode operation: Q / / quit exit editor: W / / write save the modified content: wq / / write quit save changes and exit editor: Q! / / (do not save) force exit editor: W! / / force save: wq! / / strong Save and exit editing: set number or nu / / set line number: set nonumber or nonu / / set line number: / content / or / content / / find specified content lowercase n (next) next uppercase N (next) previous Number / / jump to the line where the number is located string replacement cont1 is replaced with cont2: s/cont1/cont2/ replace the first cont1 on the line of the cursor: s/cont1/cont2/g / / replace all the cont1:% s/cont1/cont2/g / / replace the cont13 of the entire document, Command mode operation u cursor move upper (k) lower (j) left (h) right (l) key word level w: word move to the first letter of the next word e: end move to the last letter of the next word b: before move to the first letter of the previous word Line level $: line end 0: line beginning paragraph level (flip screen) {: previous (this) paragraph first}: next (this) paragraph tail screen level (do not flip screen) H: screen head L: screen end document level G: document tail 1G: document line 1 nG: document line n u content delete dd: delete cursor current line 2dd: including current line Delete 2 lines of content backward ndd: including the current line, delete the next n lines of content x: delete the character where the cursor is located, delete to the end of the word, and enter edit mode u content copy yy: copy the current line of the cursor 2yy: including the current line Copy 2 lines backward nyy: including the current line, copy the next n lines p: paste (delete) the copied content u related shortcut operation u: undo revoke J: merge the upper and lower lines r: single character replacement. Point: repeat the last most recent instruction. Decompress instructions gzip a.txt: gzip Compression gzip-d a.txt.gz or gunzip a.txt.gz: decompress bzip2 a:bzip2 Compression bunzip2 a.bz2 or bzip2-d a.bz2: decompress tar-cvf bak.tar.: package the files in the current directory tar-rvf bak.tar / etc/password: add / etc/password append files to bak.tar (r) tar-xvf bak.tar: extract tar-zcvf a.tar.gz: package and compress Gziptar-zxvf a.tar.gz: extract tar-zxvf a.tar.gz-C / usr: extract to / usr/ tar-ztvf a.tar.gz or zip/unzip: view the contents of the package tar-jcvf a.tar.bz2: package and compress into bz2tar-jxvf a.tar.bz2: extract bz288, Firewall instruction 1: effective after restart: chkconfig iptables on closed: chkconfig iptables off2, effective immediately Failure to open after restart: service iptables start off: service iptables stop 9. System instruction shell > # grep keyword path name matches the information specified in the text shell > # which instruction lookup instruction corresponding to the binary file shell > # ps-A View system active process processshell > # du-h Target to KJM G displays the size of disk space occupied by directories or files in units (block block default = 4k) shell > # date-s "2013-09-13 19:42:30" set time to the system shell > # date View system time shell > # df-lh View system partitions shell > # kill-9 pid kills the process with the specified process number. Shortcut key instruction ctrl + c: stop the process ctrl + l: clear the screen ctrl + r: search history command ctrl + Q: exit help "instruction" or man "instruction": view internal commands help cd ~ or cd: enter the user root directory pwd: view the current directory cd ~ cl: enter the cl user root directory cd -: return to the original directory cd.: return to the previous directory ls-la: view All files under the root directory of the la user. Source code address GitHub address https://github.com/cicadasmile/linux-system-baseGitEE address https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/linux-system-base
