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This article shows you which of the excellent Java frameworks used in 2021 are concise and easy to understand, which can definitely brighten your eyes. I hope you can get something through the detailed introduction of this article.

What is the Java framework?

As the body of the pre-written code for a template or skeleton, one of the developers can fill in his or her code as needed to use and reuse to create an application, so that they can create an application when they intend to reference the code they use as a framework. The reuse framework enables developers to create each line of code manually from scratch without manual overhead. The Java framework is specific to the Java programming language and is used as a platform for developing software applications. The Java program .java framework can include predefined classes and functions for processing, entering and managing hardware devices, as well as interacting with system software. It depends on the type of framework, the skill level of programmers, what they are trying to accomplish, and what they like.

Why use frames?

The framework provides the structure for your application. For example, if we have a proper testing framework, we can automate a lot of things and get accurate and consistent results. In the same way, if there are frameworks such as orm,web applications, logging, data management, etc., it will make life easier for developers and help them focus on business logic rather than worrying about common code used in domains or applications.

10 excellent Java frameworks

Although Java has many frameworks, there are different types of frameworks that are not commonly used-Web applications, web applications, logging, testing, ORM, and so on. Note that all of these have their own benefits and can work best for use cases for different businesses. We can't say which is better, because they are all good in different scenarios.

Spring

With its concepts of dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming features, Spring develops the world line by line. It is an open source framework for enterprise applications.

In the spring, developers can create loosely coupled modules where dependencies are handled by the framework rather than according to the libraries in the code.

The Spring framework is detailed, covering many features, including security and configuration, and is easy to learn. In addition, because it is the most popular Web framework, you can find many documentation and activity communities.

With everything configured, your code will be clean and easy to understand.

Main concepts:

Dependency injection (DI) (inversion of control)-in this principle, rather than an application that controls traffic in turn, it enables control to the external controller that drives the traffic. The external controller is an event. When some events occur, the application process continues. This provides flexibility for applications. In the spring, IOC is done by DI, and there are three types of Setter injection, method injection and constructor injection.

Bean and Spring context-in the spring Spring, the object is called bean, and there is a beanfactory to manage and configure these bean. You can think of BeanFactory as a container for instantiating, configuring, and managing bean. Most applications are configured using XML (beans.xml). ApplicationContext which BeanFactory is used for more complex applications requires event propagation, declaration mechanisms, and lateral feature-oriented integration with aspects of Spring.

Read about some more major Spring concepts.

2.Apache Struts

Apache Struts is another powerful open source framework for Web applications. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) model and extends JSP API. In the traditional servlet-jsp approach, if the user submits us a detailed description form, the information is then transferred to Servlet for processing, or control goes to the next JSP (Java Server Pages, where you can write Java code HTML). Since the "View" or presentation layer ideally has no business logic, this can make complex applications confusing.

Struts separates views, controllers, and models (data) and provides bindings between them through the configuration file Struts-config.xml.

The controller is the actionservlet, where you can write templates for views and use ActionForm JavaBean to maintain user data. The Operand is responsible for forwarding the application process.

This view is maintained by a rich tag library.

Struts is easy to set up and provides greater flexibility and scalability by using traditional MVC methods through Servlet and JSP alone. This can be a good starting point for your career as a Web developer.

3.Hibernate

Although Hibernate is not a full-stack framework, it completely changes the way we look at the database. Implementation of Java Persistence API (JPA), Hibernate is the object-relational mapping (ORM) database of Java applications. Just like SQL, queries in Hibernate are called HQL (Hibernate query language).

Hibernate maps the Java class directly to the corresponding database table, and vice versa.

The master file in Hibernate is the hibernate.cfg.xml file, which contains information about mapping the Java class and contains the database configuration.

Hibernate solves two major problems with JDBC-JDBC-JDBC does not support object-level relationships, and if you decide to migrate to a different database, the old query may not work-meaning a lot of changes-that is, time and money!

Hibernate provides an abstraction layer that loosely couples the code with the database. Things such as establishing database connections, performing CRUD operations are handled by Hibernate-so developers don't need to implement them, thus making the code independent of the database being used.

Choose one or more of these beginner and advanced courses for a complete overview of Hibernate and JPA.

4. Apache Wicket.

If you are already working with JSP, learning Wicket will become a Cakewalk. A simple Java Web framework. Wicket has a component-oriented structure. All you need to know is Java and HTML. There is absolutely no XML or configuration file!

The main feature of Wicket is the IT POJO model, in which the components are very simple (ordinary old) Java objects have OOP functions. These components act as reusable packages as reusable packages containing images, buttons, forms, links, pages, containers, behaviors, and so on, so that developers can customize them.

Wicket is lightweight, and you can make sure that the application is built. It is also easy to write unit test code at the ticket gate.

5. JSF (Java Server Faces)

Don't confuse JSF with JSP, which is just a text document that can have both static and dynamic content. JSF was developed by Oracle as part of Java Enterprise Edition 7.

It is a component-based MVC framework with reusable UI components for server-based applications. The main idea is to encapsulate client-side technologies such as CSS,JavaScript and HTML, which will allow developers to create UI without knowing any in-depth technology. They can only drag and drop UI components and pay more attention to their presentation layer details.

The default template system in JSF is Facelets. JSF is very similar to Struts.

JSF can further integrate seamlessly with Ajax-enabled components to enrich the user experience by adding Ajax events for validation and method calls.

Check out this linked course to learn more about JSF.

6.Dropwizard

Another Java framework fits its name, the wizard. This lightweight framework allows you to complete your application very quickly because it is box support for advanced configuration, logging, application metrics, and so on. You can create RESTful Web applications that provide high performance and are stable and reliable.

DropWizard is particularly magical because it brings together a range of libraries, such as Jetty,Guava,Jersy,Jackson and many others in the java ecosystem, and provides you with lightweight and lean applications.

Because of all configurations, security and performance-related tasks have integrated libraries, because all the configurations you need to do are just like developers building business logic.

DropWizard is an open source framework bundled with libraries, and you can easily use Eclipse IDE settings and create a simple project to learn (trust me, you can learn the array yourself!). The basic tutorials on the DropWizard website will help you through each step.

7. Grails.

Grails is a full-stack framework that is easy to learn and suitable for people who are just starting out in their programming careers. Although Grails is an Web framework written in the Groovy programming language, it runs on the Java platform and is perfectly compatible with Java syntax. The framework is based on MVC design pattern.

Groovy is similar to Java and has some more functions than Java. If you already know Java, it's very easy to learn Groovy.

Similar to JSP, in Grails, the rendering technology is GSP (Groovy Server pages). Creating tags for views in Grails is simple and simple. It also uses GOM, because you may have guessed that it is the ORM implementation used in Grails. You can also use Hibernate directly instead of GOM. Grails has established support for RESTful API, so it is easy to create such services.

Here's the best part-you can integrate existing Java code with Grails. If you mix Groovy and Java code in your application-it will work!

The best way to learn Grails is to use any Java IDE like Eclipse,NetBeans to set up your own development environment. And follow any of these tutorials to build your first Web application.

8.ATG

ATG is a Web Commerce platform written in Java. It is a customizable and configurable framework that is particularly useful for websites related to e-commerce. The product is owned by Oracle and supports complex and large B2B and B2C applications. However, for small-scale applications, it can be expensive. If you are entering the development of e-commerce sites, ATG is a good learning framework and will enrich your technical and domain name knowledge.

The ATG platform can run on three servers-Oracle WebLogic,IBM WebSphere and JBoss.

There are three main layers in the framework-

Dynamo Application Framework-it is the basic layer provided by development environments based on JavaBeans and JSP. For all common functions, there are standard ATG classes, and you can even create and assemble or even customize Java code through configuration file links.

Personalization module-this is where each user's content is dynamically customized. This module helps control and maintain user-profiles and business rules that define content to be displayed to specific users. This layer also supports targeted email.

Solution module-this module enhances the personalization module by introducing time-sensitive event-driven advertising campaigns that manage the interaction between site visitors and content over a period of time. For example, limited time offers, exclusive offers for some members, etc.

ATG is a broad framework, and you need time and patience to learn it. Several big companies like Wal-Mart, Mitch, Best, and ASDA all have their websites, which are built on ATG.

9 Play

Play is a slightly traditional and unique type of framework that follows the "convention" approach through configuration. It is based on the MVC pattern and is an open source Web application framework. In addition to Java, you can write and play Web applications in Scala.

Playback is similar to Django or Ruby on Rails or ASP.NET architecture and does not necessarily follow the J2EE Web standard.

Some of the characteristics of Play are-

High performance due to asynchronous processing

No container, no state, based on the principle of reaction

Statically typed languages are used, so most errors capture significant savings early in the development life cycle at compile time.

Scala explores the real OOP and some functional programming concepts. Its compatibility with Java is made for an excellent and powerful system.

With Play2, a new and powerful build system, SBT, has been released, which makes it easy to integrate with Maven Projects and create simple JAR files.

Extensive relational database access libraries for common functions.

10. Apache Hadoop.

Although Apache Hadoop is not a full stack framework, it provides a software framework and works on the MapReduce programming model. These utilities can easily process large amounts of data (big data), store, analyze and process them to provide faster and more efficient results.

I include Hadoop in this list because it is today's "thing" with the prominence of big data.

Hadoop facilitates distributed data storage and processing using master-slave design patterns. The Hadoop HDFS (Hadoop distributed File system) layer of the primary node (that is, NameNode) has data nodes. The MapReduce layer has JobTracker and TaskTracker. The slave node has a data node and a TaskTracker respectively.

HDFS divides files into block sets, and these files are copied in the cluster.

If you want to familiarize yourself with big data and data science-Hadoop is where you start. Learn Hadoop easily through these tutorials.

11. GWT.

Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is a clearly created framework created by Google to create rich Internet applications in Java. One of the best features of GWT is that it converts Java code into JavaScript code-browser-based hypercustom code. I personally like this feature because we spent a lot of time and energy on browser testing during development. With this open source group toolset, we can write high-performance Web applications in less time. If you already have a code base, you can easily integrate it with GWT, because GWT is also compatible with Eclipse IDE,Maven and Junit. The framework also provides an extensive library of widgets that can perform most tasks and enable beginners in Java to even develop business logic without worrying about the basics. The GWT framework has three main components-the Java to JS compiler, the JAVA emulation library sitting on top of the core JRE library, and the GWT UI construction library that includes UI components, history management, and more.

Start learning GWT here.

12. Vaadin.

Vaadin is a flagship product and a platform on which developers can use Java for HTML5 Web UI implementation. It is an open source platform that includes the Java Web framework and a set of Web components as well as application launchers and tools. These Web components form the core of Vaadin and can be customized, resulting in high-performance and multi-functional code for desktop and mobile applications.

Vaadin Flow is the actual Java Framework part of the Vaadin platform and is responsible for client-server communication and routing. With Vaadin Flow, you can write Web applications completely in Java without the need for JS or CSS's FUSS. The UI component uses automatic communication and browsers and servers to handle users' browser activities. You can easily integrate Vaadin components into any IDE you use with cross-platform frameworks, so you don't have to worry about migrating code to other platforms.

Building Java applications is a completely new approach so that you can focus on the presentation layer alone without worrying about client-server communication. It also has a data binding API that maps UI components to a database using type-safe Java code and abstract layers to build reusable components in UI using HTML templates and Java.

13.Spark

Another Masterstroke,Spark from Apache is an open source Web development framework that has similar functions to Spring, playback and JAX-RS, but is more powerful and does not follow traditional MVC design patterns.

It is a micro-framework and a domain-specific language for Java to focus on development speed. It requires very little configuration and coding. Because of the calculation in memory, it is 10 times faster than Hadoop in data processing. Spark supports a fully dynamic framework that supports delayed initialization and real-time data processing.

It is also easy to integrate with Scala and R, a programming language that focuses on data science and big data. The main goal of Spark is to process large amounts of data and to support advanced analysis using SQL queries, machine learning and graphic algorithms.

Don't think that spark can replace Hadoop-it can be an extension of the functionality provided by Hadoop-learn these two frameworks if you enter the field of data science, these two frameworks will give you an advantage.

14. OpenXava.

A low-code platform for developing Web applications in a fast way that allows you to start and run business applications in recorded time. It consists of business components that make it easy to build even complex applications and provide trouble for developers. OpenXava is extensible, customizable and OO, using the Java class as its core to simulate business problems. This model-driven development approach ensures encapsulation. The developer only defines the model as a normal annotated Java class and generates the necessary functionality at run time.

The structure and philosophy of OpenXava follows the business component architecture rather than the traditional MVC architecture. Here, everything is a business idea, and all artifacts that contribute to a business concept are related views, models, or controllers in the same place.

Before you understand this framework, you should certainly read the concepts behind the language.

15. Vert.x.

Developed by Eclipse, Vert.x is an event-driven application framework that uses many languages, including Java,JS,Groovy,Scala. So it's essentially polygelatinous. It relies on the asynchronous programming model so that the application is not clogged and there is no multithreading.

Vert.x is arguably a toolkit that provides API in multiple languages to perform all the asynchronous tasks required by Web applications-logging, authentication, monitoring, DB connections, multi-cluster support, etc. There are two main concepts in Vert. X-

Verticle-like any other asynchronous model, there is an event loop with messages, network buffers, HTTP requests, and so on. Each event from the event loop is handled by vertice.

Event bus-different vertices use the event bus to communicate with each other. This is done through asynchronous messaging. The event bus can perform different types of messaging, such as point, broadcast, and request-response.

The best way to deal with Vert.x is its non-blocking nature, which makes Web applications highly performing. The framework can be used for any application-small, medium or large. If you already know node.js, you will appreciate vert.x more because it has all the functions of Node.js and the benefits of a Java virtual machine, which makes a powerful and powerful combination.

16.Tapestry

Conceptually, Tapestry is similar to JSF and Wicket. It is an open source, cross-platform, component-based Web application development framework that can create highly scalable applications. Built on top of Rich Java Servlet API, it works with any container or application server. Tapestry is a true object-oriented framework because you use pure HTML templates or plain Java classes (objects) to create HTML pages. There is almost no necessary XML configuration, and Tapestry uses annotations rather, making the code simple and easy to manage.

With Tapestry, application downtime is minimized because you can even hot-plug any changes evenly without restarting the server. Tapestry is also responsible for building and redirecting URL. Unlike other frameworks, the framework here adapts to the code, not vice versa.

Some of the out-of-the-box tapestries are-file upload, paging, field validation, date and calendar logic, internalization, display pop-up windows, etc.

It is easy to integrate tapestry code with spring, hibernation and other back-end frameworks, as well as exenium and other frameworks such as test frameworks.

17.Jersey

Jersey is a Web services framework that creates RESTful services and supports JAX-RS API. Through useful and practical functions, it greatly simplifies the development of RESTful services. Jersey provides an abstraction layer so that developers do not have to worry about the low-level implementation of client-server communication and can focus on the main Web service functions.

In contrast to any other quiet framework, a striking feature of Jersey is that it allows Chunked output that is, the server can send a response to a client in a part or block. This is useful when big data must be sent, and blocks can be sent when preparing the entire response.

Jersey can also easily test the infrastructure. You can write lightweight integration tests that are primarily based on JUnit. Combined with the Maven environment, it is also easy to integrate testing. All you need to do is add dependencies in pom.xml.

18. OSGI

OSGI or Open Service Gateway Initiative defines a component-based system. It is a popular Java framework in which each component is called a bundle. Each bundle has a separate life cycle and does not depend on other bundles. Consider that the bundle is an JAR file with an OSGi-specific title. Bundles must explicitly declare the packages they need to access, without which OSGI platform.

Bundles use the JVM-level service registry to discover, publish, and bind bundles as services. This is the essence of OSGI-for modular application architectures, it promotes adaptability and rapid change without the need for timeouts (runtime flexibility).

OSGI is mainly popular because it integrates easily with Eclipse and Maven-based projects.

OSGI has some good concepts and benefits, but individual bundled version control can be a problem. This may be a major disadvantage of using this framework on other frameworks. However, since modularization and isolated course loading are important concepts for developers, it is worth investing some time in this framework.

19.Drools

Drools is a popular business rule management system. It has a business rules engine (BRE), authoring, rule management applications and runtime support for decision-making and symbolic models. The rule management application is called Drools Workbench. The project is supported by Redhat and Jboss. With Drools, developers can easily separate data from business logic. The two main steps in Drools are-

Authoring-create a rule file

Runtime-where you execute the rule

The most important feature of Drools is that you can delete and add new rules at any time without having to restart the server.

Drools is the right to use an application that relies on a large number of conditions for certain actions. For example, to check whether a person is eligible to upgrade his plan, for example, there are certain rules-for example, the existing number of customers, the customer's bill is greater than a specific limit, and so on. These rules can be defined as decision tables rather than hard-coding them in code. Any changes do not require another way to build, fully test, or redeploy!

20. Mybatis.

Apache's free software, MyBatis is the persistence framework in Java, where the Java method maps SQL statements, and ORM maps Java objects to tables in the database. The mapping engine uses XML descriptors or annotations declaratively to map SQL results into the object tree.

In many ways, Mybatis is better than JDBC and Hibernate. MyBatis can dynamically generate SQL statements that separate them from the code. It also provides query caching for easy access. API is very simple, and you don't have to be an expert in SQL or database to be able to write MyBatis code.

Mybatis is a good alternative to Hibernate and JDBC, when your application is not too complex and you want simple box functions, such as database connections, transaction management, loading database drivers, managing and releasing connections and other frameworks. Mybatis can also be easily integrated with a spring frame.

21. Apache Mina.

Apache Mina is a web application framework that allows developers to easily create highly scalable and performance web applications. Whether using TCP / IP,UDP,LDAP,NTP,DNS or custom protocols, Mina has a unified API for all transports. The framework can provide high-level and low-level network API. Mina fully handles I / O operations, helping developers to fully focus on business logic and other application requirements. It is easy to test code written with the help of mock objects. You can easily learn MINA using Eclipse IDE. It can be combined with popular frameworks, such as Spring and Picocontainer, making it a popular choice for web applications.

Mina is better, more stable and reliable than Soap. It has a rich network library to handle concurrent threads.

Learn more about Apache Mina from their official page.

Conclusion

There are many other Java frameworks that are not full stack or Web development frameworks, but are useful in every application-such as Logging,JUnit and Selenium for testing, and so on. It's important that while you can learn about them along with the other frameworks seen in the list above, you can understand these issues.

The best framework you apply for should meet your business needs, provide some flexibility and optimal performance, and be easy to maintain and absorb changes.

For example, for a full stack Web development framework, if something needs to be changed, it should have the least impact on the application, that is, you don't have to build and deploy the application again to make small changes. It's just a configuration change that should be done by magic. Such applications save downtime and provide flexibility.

Choose the framework of Java wisely and enjoy the features provided by Java.

The above are the excellent Java frameworks used in 2021. Have you learned any knowledge or skills? If you want to learn more skills or enrich your knowledge reserve, you are welcome to follow the industry information channel.

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