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This article mainly explains "what technologies are used in web development". The content of the explanation is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. Please follow the editor's train of thought to study and learn what technologies are used in web development.

1. Standard Universal markup language (SGML) 1.HTML

Hypertext markup language (HyperText Markup Language), hypertext refers to the page can contain pictures, music, links and even programs and other non-text elements, if only use HTML can only do static web pages.

Static web page: a web page that does not contain databases, programs, and non-interactions. it is suitable for display pages with few updates, running on the client, usually with the suffix .html or .htm or .xml or .shtml. It can be directly loaded into the client browser and displayed on the client browser without being compiled by the server, occupying a certain amount of server space. Flash, java Mini Program, ActiveX controls and client script can be added to static web pages, all of which are written by programmers and put on the server in advance.

Dynamic web page: dynamic web page runs on the server side, and it will return different web pages according to different users at different times, and interact with the server. Based on the database, user registration, login, user management and other operations can be realized. A dynamic web page is not a web page file that exists independently on the server, and a complete web page is returned only after the client has made a request. The suffix can be .jsp or .php or .asp or .cgi.

ActiveX control: add a program that can be run on a browser in a static page, which is static, but current browsers basically don't support it.

Applet: the "let" affix means "small", and applet means a JavaApplet written in Java, that is, static, which can be included in a HTML page in much the same way as an image in a page, that is, a pair of tags. When browsers that support Java encounter these tags, they download the corresponding Mini Program code to run locally, which has been eliminated and replaced by JavaFX.

Servlet: that is, server applet,applet expands the capabilities of web browsers, while servlet expands the capabilities of web servers. The function of servlet is to browse and modify data interactively to generate dynamic web content. The process is as follows: the client sends a request to the server, the server sends the request information to the servlet,servlet to generate the corresponding content to be sent to the server, and the server sends the response to the client. Neither applet nor servlet has a main function. (for example: JSP is the waiter, and servlet is the receptionist who tells which cook will cook after reading the menu. JSP displays the page and receives the user's information, while servlet is mainly responsible for the information interaction between the page and the business layer.

CGI program: a program that runs on a network server and works similar to servlet. But it has been replaced by servlet, because every time the CGI program sends a new request from the client, it has to establish a new CGI instance, which takes up a lot of memory resources, so it is very difficult for actual development. After servlet is activated by the first request sent by the user, it continues to run in the background and waits for future requests. Each request will generate a new thread instead of a complete process, and multiple customers can be served at the same time.

Css: cascading style sheet (cascading style sheets) is a markup language for web page typesetting, which can control the typesetting in the web page at the pixel level, mainly used to control the font, color, image, background and other elements in the web page, and is a supplement to HTML. "HTML+CSS" can realize static web pages.

Div+css:div is a tag element in HTML, which is a layout element. Div can be understood as a rectangle, and css controls where the rectangle is. CSS3 is a standard of CSS and HTML5 is a standard of HTML.

Single page: the whole page is a static HTML page that does not refresh. For example, from the log to the photo album in Qzone, the whole page is not refreshed, but the main content in the middle is partially replaced.

Turing machine: Turing machine can be understood as the abstraction of people using paper and pen to calculate, which is divided into two steps: write or erase a symbol on paper, the next step depends on the symbol you are paying attention to and the logic of thinking at this time.

Turing completeness: Turing Completeness, the way to judge Turing completeness is to see whether the language can simulate Turing machines.

2.XML

Extensible markup language (Extensible Markup Language). Compared to html, xml allows users to define their own markup language.

3.XHTML

The hypertext markup language can be extended and the syntax is more stringent than HTML.

Second, the front end. Scripting language (scripting language)

Scripting languages, also known as extended or dynamic languages, are usually saved as text and are interpreted or compiled only when called.

2.JavaScript (js)

Is a scripting language, dynamically typed, weakly typed, prototype-based language, built-in support for types. It can be used to embed HTML pages to add dynamic functions and provide interactive functions to HTML pages. It can also be written as a separate js file to facilitate the separation of structure and behavior. It was first realized by Netscape, and because of its cooperation with Sun, it was named JavaScript. Microsoft has launched JScript, which can be collectively called compatible ECMASript. Files with the suffix .js are JavaScript files. It can be used for multi-platform and multi-operating system. Supported by most browsers.

Dynamic typing: run time type checking static type: compile time data type checking weak type: language runtime will implicitly do data type conversion strong typing: language runtime will not do unintentional type conversion based on prototype language: such as JavaScript, only objects do not have classes, object inheritance objects, not class inheritance classes. Type-based languages such as Java

Feature (dynamic): is an event-driven scripting language that can respond directly to user input without the support of the server. When you visit a page, you can respond to it through JavaScript when you move the mouse up and down. So early programmers liked to lighten the burden on the server through JavaScript, but it was not secure. With the strength of the server, now programmers like to use scripts on the server side to ensure security. Some special features such as ajax are supported on the client side by relying on JavaScript. Now JavaScript is gradually being used to write server-side programs.

3.VBSript (VBS)

The basic language was originally an unstructured language, then refined into a structured language (Visual Basic, that is, VB), and VB is also a development environment.

Microsoft Visual C++ (referred to as Visual C++, MSVC, VC++ or VC) is Microsoft's C++ development tool.

VBS is a lightweight interpretive scripting language in Microsoft environment.

4.Ajax

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Asynchronous Javascript And XML) is a technology that can update some web pages without refreshing the entire web page. By exchanging a small amount of data with the server in the background, AJAX can update web pages asynchronously.

5.JSON

JS object tag (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data exchange format that can replace the work of XML, that is, it can handle the data interaction between the front end (JavaScript) and the background (web server). The characteristic is that it is easy for people to read and write, and it is easy to analyze and run the machine in the form of a string in the form of key-value pairs. JSON cross-language, on the mobile side (Android, IOS) data can be transmitted by JSON.

6.boostrap

Bootstrap, from Twitter, is currently the most popular front-end framework. Bootstrap is based on HTML, CSS, JavaScript, it is more personalized and humanized improvement on the basis of jQuery, forming a set of unique website style, and compatible with most jQuery plug-ins.

7.angular.js and JQuery

AngularJS is designed to overcome the shortcomings of HTML in building applications. AngularJS has many features, the core of which are: MVC, modularization, automation of two-way data binding, semantic tagging, dependency injection and so on. HTML is a good declarative language designed for static text presentation.

JQuery makes it easier for users to deal with HTML (an application under the standard general markup language), events, realize animation effects, and easily provide AJAX interaction for websites.

8. Front-end editor

Webstorm: heavyweight editor, you will find that you really need it after configuring all kinds of grunt,bower,angular in the current project. Brackets: suitable for writing CSS. Dreamweaver: WYSIWYG HBuilder: suitable for writing H5, relatively heavy. Sublime: equivalent to an upgraded notepad, with powerful plug-ins, it is recommended to install two (packagecontrol and emmet), lightweight editor, small and smart. There are many notepad++: plug-ins

3. Background 1.JSP (J2EE)

Namely Java server page (JAVA Server Pages), is a kind of dynamic website development language, is similar to ASP technology, inserts Java program segment (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag) in the traditional HTML page file (suffix name is * .jsp or * .html), thus forms the JSP file, the suffix name * .jsp. Web applications developed by JSP are cross-platform and can run under Linux or other operating systems. It implements the Java extension (in form) in HTML. Jsp runs on the server side like servlet and returns a HTML file to the client, so the client can browse it if it has a browser. Servlet is the foundation of JSP. Large-scale web application developers need servlet and JSP to cooperate at the same time. The relationship between JSP and servlet: JSP is an extension of servlet, and servlet existed before JSP. There are client, web server (web server) and application server (application server). The client sends the request, and the web server accepts the http request. If it is a static resource such as HTML, css, the web server can handle it on its own. If it encounters dynamic resources such as jsp, the request will be transferred to the application server and processed by the application server. The application server also has the ability to handle http requests, which may not be as professional as the web server, and the application server also contains web containers. In the application server, jsp is converted to servlet to retrieve whether a matching servlet instance already exists in the servlet container. If not, an instance object of the servlet class is loaded and instantiated by the servlet container, and then initialized and run by the servlet container. If it already exists in the servlet container, run it directly.

Web server: represents Nginx, IIS, Apache. "equivalent to receptionist".

Application server: represents Bea WebLogic, IBM WebSphere, JBoss, Tomcat. Tomcat is an extension of Apache that can be run independently of Apache. "the equivalent of a true value server."

Servlet container: manages the lifecycle of servlet, which exists in the application server. Tomcat can be seen as both a servlet container and a web container, dealing with both static resources and dynamic servlet. So you can use two separate servers such as Nginx and WebLogic, or you can use only one Tomcat.

2.PHP and ruby

Php: hypertext preprocessor (hypertext preprocessor) is an object-based open source scripting language for web background development.

Ruby: an object-oriented background scripting language. Object-based: do not provide abstraction, overloading and inheritance object-oriented: provide abstraction, overloading and inheritance

3.NetBeans

An IDE written in Java that is mainly used for background development.

4.Node.js

Is a JavaScript running environment (runtime), is currently the fastest JavaScript engine, so that JavaScript can run without the browser. The Chrome V8 engine is encapsulated. The use of event-driven, non-blocking Ithumb O model makes it lightweight and efficient.

Use: it is the JavaScript running environment, that is to say, it can run JavaScript code on the server and let JavaScript realize the development on the server. It is generally used by js programmers and belongs to the back-end technology.

JavaScript engine: a virtual machine that specializes in handling JavaScript scripts, usually with characters in the browser.

4. ASP, ASP.NET and .NET

ASP: similar to JSP and PHP, it is a background development technology.

.net: is a platform, not a language, including the runtime environment and the development environment. It can be developed in different languages on the. Net platform, such as Category Magi VB.NETGrad HTMLGrad Fidelity. Net. Net. Net. It's kind of like java. JAVA is also the name of a language in the java platform, and C # is also the name of a language in the .NET platform, that is, java cross-platform, .NET cross-language. Java is open source,. NET is not open source developed by Microsoft. Java can be written once and run on Linux or other operating systems. NET is only suitable for Microsoft, so java is cross-platform, and .NET is not cross-platform.

ASP.NET (also known as ASP+): is a web development platform based on .NET Framework. Generally, the front end uses HTML+css and the back end uses C #. .net Framework: is the framework (framework) and running environment necessary for the software developed by. Net to run.

Thank you for reading, the above is the content of "what technologies are used in web development". After the study of this article, I believe you have a deeper understanding of what technologies are used in web development, and the specific use needs to be verified in practice. Here is, the editor will push for you more related knowledge points of the article, welcome to follow!

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