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Definition of XML

XML is a compact SGML, which combines the rich functions of SGML and the ease of use of HTML into the application of Web. XML retains the extensible capabilities of SGML, which makes XML fundamentally different from HTML. XML is much more powerful than HTML, it is no longer a fixed tag, but allows the definition of an unlimited number of tags to describe the data in the document, allowing nested information structures. HTML is just a common way for Web to display data, while XML provides a general method for directly dealing with Web data. HTML focuses on the display format of Web pages, while XML focuses on the content of Web pages.

XML includes extensible format language XSL (Extensible Style Language) and extensible link language XLL (Extensible Linking Language).

XSL is used to translate XML data into HTML or other formats. XSL provides a stacked page CSS function, which enables developers to construct Web pages with expression layer structure, which is different from the data structure of XML. XSL can also work with HTML to construct stacked pages. XSL can interpret an unlimited number of tags, which makes the layout of Web more colorful, such as dynamic text, horse-racing text. In addition, XSL also deals with multinational characters, double-byte Chinese character display, grid processing and so on.

XLL is the linking language of XML, which is similar to HTML's links, but more powerful. XLL supports extensible links and multi-directional links. It breaks the simplest link restriction that HTML only supports hypertext, and can support address-independent domain names, two-way links, loops, collective links of multiple sources, and so on. XLL links can be specified and managed according to user requirements without being restricted by the document.

In order to make XML easy to learn and use, XML has streamlined a large area of SGML features that are rarely used once. Just as only 8, 000 of the hundreds of thousands of Chinese characters are commonly used, SGML accounts for only 20% of the commonly used parts of SGML, abandoning the less common parts of XML and reducing it by 80% at once. As a result, the grammar specification for XML is only 30 pages, while SGML has 500 pages.

The ease of use of XML is also considered in the design, which comes from two aspects: on the one hand, it is convenient for users to write Web pages, on the other hand, it is not too difficult for designers to implement XML browsers.

In short, XML uses a simple and flexible standard format, which provides an effective means of describing and exchanging data for Web-based applications. HTML describes a common way to display global data, while XML provides a common way to process global data directly.

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