Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

This article is about how to get started with linux. The editor thinks it is very practical, so I share it with you to learn. I hope you can get something after reading this article.

1. About Linux

1. What does Linux do?

First of all, few people use Linux for desktops, because Windows desktops are good enough. We mainly use Linux as the operating system of the network server. If you and your app match the following, then you should use Linux:

* unwilling to spend money on operating systems and network applications.

* use the D version system to be condemned by conscience or afraid to take responsibility.

* want to get the same performance as the system that spends money.

* appear to be of a high level in front of users.

* know a few masters of Linux, or know where to find the answer to the question.

2. Are there many differences in each Linux distribution?

If you used a lot of PCs between the late 1980s and 1995, Linux should be easy to understand: it's like a DOS with a 32-bit preemptive multitasking core, the difference is that it looks like a UNIX. Linux is built by many people with wisdom, and beginners often ask, "is RedHat better or Slackware?" . This person also faces hundreds of choices at the same time, which is really a headache. Most Linux distributions are actually very simple, almost all distributions have the same kernel (perhaps different versions), and the differences between external commands and data files are limited to different locations in the file system (which leads to some compatibility problems because specific files cannot be found in some places). In addition, some distributions have added some of their own utilities in order to show that they are outstanding. In fact, there are not too many vendors to modify the kernel, because it will be in a hurry to update the official version of the kernel. Of course, some embedded system developers have made their own systems on the basis of Linux.

Having a large number of distributions is an annoying problem for Linux, and at this point, I prefer FreeBSD because it has only one official release and runs steadily. But there are too many programmers doing software for Linux, and there are more materials on Linux. Remember: when a guy tells you it doesn't matter which distribution he uses, he is an expert.

3. Linux amateur stuff?

This kind of publicity has given many people such an impression. In fact, Linux is a serious operating system with features common to all operating systems. It can be used in many serious situations.

4. Is Linux better than Windows?

The answer here will disappoint you. According to my previous actual tests, the performance of the version 2.2 Linux core is lower than that of windows2000. It is gratifying to note that the core performance of version 2.4 has been greatly improved, which is basically close to that of Windows2000. But the complex graphical interface of Windows2000 takes up quite a lot of system resources.

Is Linux more complex and professional than Windows?

Windows2000 is much more complex than Linux in terms of complexity. In the core technology, Windows is also more advanced.

6. Is Linux more reliable?

The reliability of the system should be evaluated from two angles. (1) the reliability of the system itself is similar. The impression that Windwos is not as reliable as Linux stems from Windows's many good and bad software. Of course, Linux has a simpler structure than Windows and can improve its reliability to some extent. (2) from a security point of view, Linux is much higher than Windows system, the reason is very simple: big trees attract wind. In addition, Linux's open source mechanism allows vulnerabilities to be discovered and eliminated quickly. Windows, on the other hand, is relatively bureaucratic. I would like to add that the most reliable system I have ever used is the OS of the BSD class, with remarkable reliability and security.

7. Is it true that Linux doesn't cost a penny?

Most distribution packages cost a small amount of money to buy. Of course, you can also DOWN from the Internet. In fact, these distributions may not be in line with your application, generally need to go through some changes and customization to run well. Of course, the money spent can't be compared with that of Windows.

II. Matters needing attention in Linux installation

Most of today's distributions are easy to install, basically graphical wizards, and each package is different and cannot be described one by one, so if you don't even understand the installation, don't use Linux. Here are only a few points for attention.

1. If you want to mix with Windows, be sure to install Windows before Linux.

2. When partitioning, you should flexibly decide the partition according to the software you plan to install. General partitions are: /, / root,/usr,/var and swap partitions, in which the swap partition type and other different need to be specifically selected, its space is generally twice the physical memory. / root partition is used for emergency root, 64 megabytes is fine.

3. Of course, for convenience, you can install the distribution package to give you the software. But my habit of installing Linux is to install a minimum system from the beginning, and then install all the compilation tools. The method of installing compilation tools is generally implemented through the package management tool of the distribution package you use, which is the most convenient. For example, in TurboLinux, just run / usr/sbin/Turbopkg. It is generally fine to select all Developoment-related or gcc-related options in the administrative tools.

4. Lilo must be installed. Otherwise, if there is a zoning problem, it will not be easy to handle.

5. If mixed with Windows, the system will not work after installation. You can boot with the 98 boot disk and then use FDISK / MBR to reply to the primary boot partition to save the Windows partition.

After installing the minimum system and a full set of compilers, we should get a cleaner system. On this system, you can download and install all kinds of application software.

III. Basic use

1. File system

No matter how many partitions there are, the entire file system is a complete tree structure. Catalogs that are often used are:

(1) / usr: used to store all kinds of application files. The / usr/local is used to store the software installed later.

(2) / var: used to store all data files

(3) / proc: the files inside are used to represent the various configurations and states of the system kernel. This piece is not a real file system, but a variety of data in memory. You can get some common system information from here. Like CPU memory or something.

(4) / etc: this is where all the system configuration files are placed. In general, the configuration files for post-installed software will not be placed here. Unless you are using RPM to install the software that comes with the distribution package or do so on purpose. I don't like to mix files from different software, so I usually keep configuration files for different software in their respective directories.

2. Commonly used commands

Here I list some frequently used commands, the specific usage of which can be found in the relevant man pages (I hope your English is not as poor as mine).

Vi (be sure to use this thing you hate very much. If you give in, you can choose another editor called pico, which is a bit like DOS's edit.)

Head (for long files)

Tail (ibid.)

Netstat (depending on the network status)

Tar (unpack the .tar.gz)

Ps (View process)

Kill (kill process)

Top (depending on the system condition)

Shutdown (shut down the system)

Cat (see contents of the file)

Ping (depending on network connectivity)

Ftp (transfer files)

Man (manual)

The above commands are the most commonly used, so be sure to remember the basic usage. In fact, everyone can remember all the commands or all the parameters of a command, just a few commonly used ones. The rest of the books.

3. Kernel upgrade

The above is how to get started with linux. The editor believes that there are some knowledge points that we may see or use in our daily work. I hope you can learn more from this article. For more details, please follow the industry information channel.

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