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This article mainly introduces "what are the operating methods of the Linux Fedora8 system". In the daily operation, I believe that many people have doubts about the operating methods of the Linux Fedora8 system. The editor consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out the simple and easy-to-use operation methods. I hope it will be helpful for you to answer the doubts about "what are the operating methods of the Linux Fedora8 system?" Next, please follow the editor to study!

First of all, let's get to know the Linux Fedora 8 operating system. The Linux Fedora 8 operating system has its own workplace. Linux is currently used in small networks. Therefore, for different network applications, you may encounter problems, to have a purpose to choose the appropriate network operating system. Take it out here and share it with you.

A few days ago, the startup menu grub.conf of Linux Fedora 8 was lost and could not enter the system. However, the grub startup manager is fine, so you have to boot the boot system manually through the grub command line.

Grub is a multi-system startup manager, not only the Linux version of grub, but also the windows version of grub. It can be said that grub is a very powerful multi-system boot manager, with multiple system boot, interactive operation, grub boot password can be set, hard disk can be mapped, boot screen can be customized and so on. Starting the system through the command line is an application of interactive operation, but other applications are not listed here.

For ease of explanation, please mark the line number:

1 root (hd0,2)

2 kernel / vmlinuz-2.6.26.5-28.fc8 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet

3 initrd / initrd-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.img

4 boot

How's it going? Isn't the startup command line of Linux very concise? Let's explain these commands one by one.

Line 1 command: specify the partition where / boot is located.

If you don't know where your / boot partition is, type root (hd0), then press the Tab key, which will show the possible partitions, and then judge the / boot partition based on the partition type. That's what I did. So the Tab key is a good key to use in Linux. It is not necessary to specify the / boot partition here, but if omitted here, it should be specified in kernel and initrd, that is, kernel (hd0,2) / vmlinuz-2.6. And initrd (hd0,2) / initrd-2.6.

With regard to "hd0,2", it refers to the third partition of a * hard disk, which is a primary partition. There are two ways to represent partitions in Linux: one is pure digital representation such as "hd0,2", which starts with "hd0,0", which means * of * The other is hda1, which also represents * partitions of * hard disk; the second hard disk is hdb. The two representations are used in different situations, pure digital representation is generally used in grub to specify / boot partition; the second method is daily use representation, hard disk mount and so on all use this representation. A little bit about primary and extended partitions: extended partitions start with hdx5 or hdx,4, where x represents the hard drive number. To learn more about the partition representation of Linux, Google.

Line 2 command: specify the kernel image and the root partition.

Type kernel / vmlinuz, and then press Tab to complete the full name of the kernel image; after completion, you can see that my Linux Fedora 8 kernel image is vmlinuz-2.6.26.5-28.fc8. If there is more than one kernel, it will all be displayed for you to choose from (in this case, I have two images in my boot menu after upgrading from 8 to 9). Also, my / boot partition is not in the root partition, but a separate partition; if the / boot partition is not a separate partition, but in the root partition, write: kernel / boot/vmlinuz-2.6.26.5-28.fc8 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet, the following initrd should be written as: initrd / boot/initrd-2.6.26.5-28.fc8.img. The part behind the image is used to specify the root partition and needs to be entered manually. Ro means read. Ly, root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 is the location of the root partition, rhgb means the graphical startup process, and quiet means not to display startup information. In practice, I found that the later part of the kernel image is not necessary; that is, it can be started correctly even if it is not entered, the root partition is not specified, the graphical boot process is not specified, and the startup information is omitted. Does it have anything to do with the single kernel of my system that I don't have to specify a root partition?

You need to understand more about this line of orders. First of all, in vmlinuz, vm means vritual memery,linuz, which means this compressed kernel image. Also, the root in this command does not mean the same thing as the root in the * * command. The root in the * line command refers to the boot partition of the system, the / boot partition, and the root in the second line refers to the root partition of the system, namely the / partition. To understand the difference between the two in detail involves the Linux file system and directory structure, which is one of the key concepts in Linux. I will find time to write something about it and talk about my understanding of it. The "/ dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00" after "root=" is the location of the root partition; does it look weird? Because my root partition is not a normal hard disk partition, but a logical volume, the term is LVM (logical volume manager). This is also a very important thing in Linux. LVM should be understood in combination with Linux hard disk partition and directory structure, so we won't talk about it here, otherwise it will go further and further and deviate from the point.

Line 3 command: specify initrd.img

Initrd, or initial ramdisk, literally initializes the RAM disk. It is actually a temporary file system and is bundled with the kernel. It is generally used to load necessary system files, drivers, storage devices, etc., and it is released immediately after the system starts. It is said that it is a * * system in the absence of other storage devices. I don't know much about it, and I can't write more. In short, initrd.img is a temporary file system bundled with the kernel to load the necessary system files.

Line 4 command: start the system. Enter boot and hit enter to start the system.

After the system starts, think about the process of starting it manually. If you know grub, it is not complicated to start the system manually. The startup menu is very much like a script based on what we enter manually. This "script" allows you to start the system without having to enter it manually every time, so this "script" is still very useful, let's write one manually.

If you understand the Linux directory structure, you will know that the startup menu is in the grub folder under the boot folder of the root partition, which is a file called grub.confg; there is also a menu.lst in the grub folder, which is a linked file for grub.conf. You may have some questions: isn't your / boot partition a separate partition, not in the root partition? In fact, this is one of the differences between Linux and windows, which is related to the root partition by mount, which involves file system and directory structure, which is not discussed in detail here. Find and open the grub folder and create a grub.conf. You need root permission!

How do you write grub.conf? It is basically similar to the command entered above. Here is the content of the grub.conf for Linux Fedora 8 in my virtual machine:

Among them, the # sign is the annotation text, which is ignored at startup. The core part is as follows:

Default=0

Timeout=5

Splashimage= (hd0,0) / grub/splash.xpm.gz

# hiddenmenu title Fedora (2.6.26.5-28.fc8)

Root (hd0,0)

At this point, the study of "what are the operating methods of the Linux Fedora8 system" is over. I hope to be able to solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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