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Introduction to C#

C # (pronounced "C Sharp") is a new programming language that is easy to use, not only object-oriented, but also type-safe. C # is derived from the C language family, and C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers will soon be able to use it. C # is a modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft and approved by Ecma and ISO.

C # is an object-oriented language. Not only that, C# can further support component-oriented programming. Contemporary software design is increasingly dependent on software components in the form of self-describing independent function packages. Key features of such components include providing properties, methods, and events for the programming model; including features that provide declarative information about the component; and including your own documentation. C # provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C # a very natural language that can be used to create and use software components.

Several C # features help build reliable and durable applications: garbage collection automatically reclaims memory occupied by unused objects that cannot be accessed; exception handling provides a structured and extensible way to perform error detection and recovery; the type-safe design of the C # language prohibits reading uninitialized variables, indexing arrays out of range, or performing unchecked type conversions.

C # uses a unified type system. All C # types, including primitive types such as int and double, inherit from a root object type. Therefore, all types share a common set of operations, and values of any type can be stored, transmitted, and processed consistently. In addition, C# supports user-defined reference types and value types, thus supporting dynamic allocation of objects and embedded storage of lightweight structures.

To ensure that C# programs and libraries evolve in a compatible manner over time, C# designs place more emphasis on version control. Many programming languages pay little attention to this issue, so programs written in these languages will experience more unnecessary interruptions when new versions of dependent libraries are introduced. Because of the greater emphasis on versioning, the directly affected aspects of C # design include separate virtual and override modifiers, rules for method overloading decisions, and support for explicit interface member declarations.

Hello world

The "Hello, World" program has always been used to introduce programming languages. The C# code for this program is shown below:

Using System

Class Hello

{

Static void Main ()

{

Console.WriteLine ("Hello, World")

}

}

The file extension of the C # source file is usually .cs. Assuming that the "Hello, World" program is stored in the file hello.cs, you can compile the program using the following command line:

Csc hello.cs

This generates a hello.exe executable assembly. Running this application produces the following output:

Hello, World

Compiling the csc command implements the complete framework, which may not be applicable to all platforms.

The "Hello, World" program starts with a using directive that references the System namespace. Namespaces provide a hierarchical way to organize C # programs and libraries. Namespaces contain types and other namespaces. For example, the System namespace contains many types (such as the Console class referenced in the program) and many other namespaces (such as IO and Collections). Types that are members of the corresponding namespace can be used in an unqualified manner with the using directive that references a given namespace. Because of the use of the using instruction, the program can use Console.WriteLine as the abbreviation for System.Console.WriteLine.

The Hello class declared by the "Hello, World" program has only one member, the Main method. The Main method is declared using static modifiers. Instance methods can reference specific closed object instances using the keyword this, while static methods can run without referring to specific objects. By convention, the Main static method is the entry point of the program.

The output of the program is generated by the WriteLine method of the Console class in the System namespace. This class is provided by the standard class library. By default, the compiler automatically references the standard class library.

There is a lot more to be introduced about Clover. The following topics provide an overview of C# language elements. Through these outlines, you can learn the basic information about all the elements of the C # language and get the information you need to gain an in-depth understanding of the elements of the C # language:

C # language element

Program structure

Understand the key organizational concepts in the C # language: programs, namespaces, types, members, and assemblies.

Types and variables

Learn about value types, reference types, and variables in the C # language.

Expression.

Expressions are constructed on the basis of operands and operators. The expression generates a value.

Statement

Statement is used to represent the operation of the program.

Classes and objects

Class is the most basic C # type. The object is a class instance. Classes are generated using members, which is also described in this topic.

structure

Unlike classes, structures are data structures that belong to value types.

Array

An array is a data structure that contains many variables accessed through a computational index.

Interface

Interfaces define contracts that can be implemented by classes and structures. Interfaces can contain methods, properties, events, and indexers. The interface does not provide the implementation code for the defined members, but only specifies the members that must be provided by the class or structure that implements the interface.

Enumerate

An enumeration type is a unique value type that contains a set of named constants.

Entrust

A delegate type represents a reference to a method with a specific parameter list and return type. By delegating, you can treat a method as an entity that can be assigned to a variable and passed as a parameter. Delegates are similar to the concept of function pointers in some other languages, but unlike function pointers, delegates are not only object-oriented, but also type-safe.

Characteristics

Using features, programs can specify additional declarative information about types, members, and other entities.

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