Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Introduction: there will not be too many ten years in life, but only one decade can accomplish many things. Cloud computing has changed our lives unwittingly for ten years since its birth.

I. the Ten-year Development of Cloud

There are not many ten years in life, but only one decade can accomplish a lot of things. Cloud computing has changed our lives unwittingly for ten years since its birth.

From the traditional IT era to Internet +, to the intelligent plus proposed by the two sessions this year, it once again tells us that science and technology is the primary productive force, and innovation is the first driving force leading development. From the traditional PC interconnection to the Internet of everything in the future, our economy is growing faster and more complex, which urgently requires the responsiveness of our information systems to become faster and faster. Solutions based on traditional IT architectures are also migrated to cloud architectures that are more flexible and responsive.

In the era when there was no cloud in the past, the construction of enterprise IT was disorderly, chimney construction, separate operation and maintenance, and inefficient development scattered in various systems, which seriously restricted the rapid development of enterprises. We need to integrate application software and platforms to further improve our collaborative sharing and achieve sustainable development.

The problems of traditional IT are more or less the same. Specifically, the main problems are:

How to shorten the development cycle

How to reduce the cost of investment

Reduce the waste of resources

How to plan reasonably from the whole business

How to effectively avoid the risks in the process of system construction

How to control maintenance costs.

The emergence of cloud has greatly changed some inherent problems and defects in the construction of enterprise IT, realizing on-demand delivery, expansion on demand, simplicity and speed, flexible management and cost savings, and security compliance.

As of today, the service model of cloud computing is still evolving, but the generally accepted SPI model divides the cloud into three categories according to the way services are provided:

SaaS (Software as a Service- Software as a Service)

PaaS (Platform as a Service- platform as a Service)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service- Infrastructure as a Service).

Basically, we see that a lot of enterprise cloud computing is also a process of first building IAAS resource pool and then building PAAS platform, and then paying attention to applications and services. Judging from the current situation of the development of cloud computing, the current challenges still have the following aspects:

Unified management, the overall resource utilization is low, the need for further integration to form a unified management

Computing power, the number of minicomputers is still very large, further X86 is needed, large investment is locked up by manufacturers, and VMWARE accounts for a large proportion in traditional enterprises.

Network and storage capacity, using the traditional VLAN isolation, business scale expansion and flexibility is low. Fc-san has too much high-end storage and high cost, and it is not equipped with corresponding levels of storage resources according to business requirements.

The goal architecture of the follow-up development and evolution of cloud computing is to build and improve PAAS capabilities through the integration of resource pools, and to provide strong support for business innovation and rapid launch by using cloud management platform to open up the capabilities of various domains horizontally. Several key summaries of the development and evolution of cloud computing in the past decade: 1, unify standards 2, land standards 3, do less repetitive things 4, do more value-added things 5, technology + services + operations

Second, the evolution of technology

The popularity of 2B and 2C concepts stems from a round of Internet craze at the beginning of this century. Around 2000, with the rise of the Internet, enterprises with a strong willingness to change began to set up websites to sell the company's products through the Internet. If the user who sells the product is the end consumer, this website is called B2C website; if the user who sells the product is an enterprise, then this website is called B2B website. After the Internet bubble, some consumer-oriented platform B2C websites are gradually accepted by users. Because of its high-tech threshold, B2B platform has gradually evolved into two forms: one is a B2B website that only does information integration, and the other is using the Internet to carry it. The concept of value chain put forward by Michael Porter in 1985 gradually evolved into supply chain integration. So we see that when the C-end consumer Internet is fully developed, the traffic dividend disappears, and the integration of B-end enterprises and supply chain enterprises is also put on the agenda. The industrial Internet is also known as an opportunity outside the consumer Internet.

Industrial Internet has a profound impact on the entire national economy, industrial pattern, enterprise behavior and products and services, but also related to the future development of China. From BAT's large-scale entry into the industrial Internet, we can see that a new round of curtain is slowly unfolding, so what is the nature of the industrial Internet? Efficiency or efficiency. The efficiency of industrial Internet transformation can win in the competition of Internet-based user experience.

From the development and changes of IT infrastructure, we can see that the main line of efficiency improvement is also particularly obvious and clear. From waterfall to agile to DevOps, development efficiency is constantly improving; from single application to multi-tier to micro service, application architecture is constantly decoupled and refined; from physical machine to virtual machine to container, our deployment efficiency is increasing; from traditional cloud to hybrid cloud, cloud is constantly enriching application scenarios and improving efficiency. From vertical scale to horizontal scale to storage as a service, storage from centralized to distributed to flexible provision of all kinds of storage services, improving performance and expanding application scenarios.

Not only is the infrastructure changing rapidly, but our application architecture and delivery are also changing. Traditional applications are developing and changing rapidly to cloud native applications, splitting large and complex software applications into multiple simple applications and loosely coupling each application, thus reducing system complexity. it can also be independent release and deployment, independent expansion and cross-language programming, of course, all these changes will also lead to a change in the working mode of our R & D and operation and maintenance departments.

Vertical application architecture: as the number of visits increases, the acceleration caused by a single application increasing the machine becomes smaller and smaller, and the application is divided into several unrelated applications to improve efficiency. At this point, the Web framework (MVC) used to accelerate front-end page development is the key.

Distributed service architecture: when there are more and more vertical applications, the interaction between applications is inevitable, extract the core business as an independent service, and gradually form a stable service center, so that the front-end applications can respond to the changing market demand more quickly. At this point, the distributed service framework (RPC) for improving business reuse and integration is the key.

Mobile computing architecture: when there are more and more services, capacity evaluation, waste of small service resources and other problems gradually appear, it is necessary to add a scheduling center to manage cluster capacity in real time based on access pressure to improve cluster utilization. At this point, the resource scheduling and governance center (SOA) used to improve machine utilization is the key.

Micro-service architecture is a hot topic on the Internet, and it is the inevitable result of the development of Internet technology. It advocates dividing the single application into a group of several small services, which coordinate and cooperate with each other to provide users with the final value. After a single application is split into micro-services, service governance is the key. Each microservice has its own business logic and adapter, as well as its own database. Calling through a unified API interface, of course, the dependency relationship between services will become complex. Tens of thousands of micro-services can not only be managed by human hands, but also need services to automatically register and self-discover, and can find faults and problems through full-link monitoring, timely early warning and fault-tolerant processing to ensure the robust operation of the whole system. Of course, the applications in the enterprise are complex, and we also hope that micro-services have a unified code framework that can support multiple programming languages. At present, both Spring Cloud and Dubbo support limited languages and development frameworks, such as Huawei's ServiceComb, Tencent's Tars and so on.

Generally speaking, the changes of application architecture, from MVC to RPC to SOA to micro-services, we see the split and independent deployment of applications and services, and the rapid iteration of agile development of small teams, which greatly improve the efficiency, reduce the application delivery cycle and greatly reduce the cost of application operation and maintenance.

With the popularity of containers and microservices, the term cloud native is becoming more and more popular. In the era of cloud, the future enterprise applications will be more migrated to the cloud, cloud-based architecture design and development model needs a set of new ideas to carry, so the cloud native idea arises at the historic moment. Cloud Cloud Native is not only an ever-enriching concept, but also a collection of ideas, including DevOps, continuous delivery (Continuous Delivery), micro services (MicroServices), agile infrastructure (Agile Infrastructure), and so on. Cloud Native includes both technology (micro services, agile infrastructure) and management (DevOps, continuous delivery, technology operations, application design, security risk management, etc.). Cloud Native can also be said to be a collection of Cloud technologies and enterprise management methods.

Cloud native is to design applications that are more suitable for the cloud according to the characteristics of the cloud. It focuses on the implementation of business requirements, stripping out functions other than non-business requirements and sinking them to the underlying infrastructure, while the cloud provides a variety of resources and capabilities to shield complex underlying details to make the cloud easier and easier to use.

Let's take a look at the cloud's native technology stack, introducing Serverless and Service Mesh. The Serverless function calculates that a piece of code defines a functional service that is actually called on demand. After the application is divided into thousands of micro-services, the underlying communication becomes extremely complex, and the inter-service communication layer is Service Mesh, which can provide secure, fast and reliable inter-service communication (service-to-service). Cloud native applications can run on any cloud infrastructure without relying on underlying platforms such as Linux or Windows, or on a specific cloud platform. That is, the application is designed to run in the cloud from the beginning, whether private or public; second, the application must be able to meet scalability requirements, scaling vertically (up and down) or horizontally (across node servers).

In addition to these, in order to give full play to the inherent advantages of cloud native management, it is also necessary to introduce intelligent self-service and autonomous management. At present, after going to the cloud, enterprises mostly rely on the "people-oriented" approach and rely on the personal ability, experience and self-consciousness of a large number of staff to carry out operation and maintenance work. This simple and brutal transfer of labor-intensive services from traditional IT infrastructure to the cloud can only be a transition plan adopted under the realistic conditions of small market volume and low level of technological development. Through the introduction of intelligence, automatic service discovery, automatic alarm detection and autonomous fault handling can be realized to change the low efficiency, high labor cost and misoperation in the process of manual operation and maintenance. it will also greatly improve the availability of enterprise cloud and expand the enterprise cloud service market day by day.

We have seen the rapid rise of K8S and unified the container choreography system, providing an one-stop service for cloud native applications. The excellent performance of Kunernetes has brought about a subversive change in the working mode of operation and maintenance engineers. They no longer have to take care of every server as carefully as they take care of their pets, and when something goes wrong, they can just replace the server that has gone wrong. When there is a business peak, it automatically expands and shrinks to adapt to the change. Business development engineers no longer need to focus too much on non-functional requirements, just focus on their own business areas. On the other hand, middleware developers need to develop robust cloud native middleware to connect business applications with cloud platforms.

Summary of the evolution of technology and management:

Technology: from system to application, from function to service, from single point to large-scale cluster scheduling and management.

Management: two changes and one transformation. The operation center changes to the service center, the internal tools to the collaborative platform, and the cost center to the operation center.

Third, the rise of the platform

What is PAAS?

PaaS is a cloud service that provides a platform for users to easily develop, run and manage applications without having to build and maintain infrastructure related to developing and running applications. Wikipedia

PAAS service catalog, which unified service provision and management can be achieved?

Standard delivery, what services can PAAS provide for me?

Overall control, how to improve resource utilization and management efficiency to ensure the sound operation of the business?

The limitations of traditional PAAS lack of support for micro-services and distribution.

The new generation of PAAS is based on Docker, on the basis of traditional PaaS functions, facing micro-service usage scenarios, creating DevOps pipelining, and integrating emerging services such as big data and machine learning to become an one-stop application delivery platform.

The overall architecture of PAAS includes development and testing related functional components and platform management, infrastructure functional components, the following is the IAAS platform.

What the heck is Zhongtai in the enterprise?

The middle Taiwan strategy was put forward by Ali, and its origin is very interesting. In 2015, Ali executives visited supercell, the world's most successful mobile game company, which is a typical small team model for development. It can launch the internal test version of the game as soon as possible. If it is not popular, you can quickly give up this product and try again. During this period, there is almost no intervention of management roles. After team failure, there is not only no punishment. They even hold celebration ceremonies to celebrate what they have learned from failure. Its core competitiveness has accumulated a very scientific research and development method and system in many years of game research and development, that is, the ability of the middle platform.

We know that the general technology developed by manufacturers, PaaS, contains neither business logic, nor business data, nor business models, so are there many applications in the enterprise that can be integrated into PAAS? Yes, but it can be made over the years, but it is big and bulky, and cauliflower may be cold when it is made. First of all, the R & D capabilities of traditional enterprises are not strong, and it is really not cost-effective to rely on a third party to build such a large and comprehensive platform, so China and Taiwan can quickly support multi-product teams and connect and empower multi-product teams. To be clear, Zhongtai is not a specific application, and many of its components can be integrated by many applications. The middle station is divided into business center, data center, technology center and organization center. Here, the data center can go first, and the organization center can not be missing. In order to release great creativity and accelerate the development and transformation of the enterprise, the organizational platform should match the changes in business, data and technology.

Enterprise cloud platform, service is the core value, customer-centric concept is very important. From the perspective of the development of cloud computing, cloud service providers (such as AWS, Aliyun) are the core roles, which emphasize services, and it is these services that bring value, so the development of enterprise cloud computing also needs enterprise cloud service providers.

Hybrid cloud is an extension of private cloud. The application scenarios of hybrid cloud are:

Transnational and regional service deployment

Cloud disaster recovery of critical data

Global high availability and performance requirements

Take advantage of public cloud servic

Cost-effective public cloud services

Business outbreak scenario

By building multiple clouds, enterprises can achieve unified management of public and private clouds, cross-regional deployment of business systems, cloud disaster preparedness of key data, response to short-term cloud outbreak business requirements, overall high availability and performance requirements, cloud service providers' advantages / cost-effective service selection, cost sharing and optimization capabilities. However, the biggest problem brought by multi-cloud is heterogeneous services, multi-activity also means that there must be a lot of data synchronization, bandwidth, delay, data consistency, there are great challenges, management costs will also go up. Therefore, priority can be given to the construction of the same city and different places in a single cloud, so that the basic level is isomorphic, and you can better focus on business disaster recovery and double-live construction.

Software defines the future

Manufacturers are independent and controllable, and now we need our own self-control, and the way to achieve this is to develop our own software and take the open source strategy. The rapid development of the Internet and the in-depth application of cloud have promoted the great development of open source software. The use of open source software has also been raised to a strategic level.

Open source software accelerates the efficiency of enterprise research and development and better meets the internal software needs of the enterprise.

Open source usage strategy: application level, enhancement level, commercial level

An enterprise's choice of a technology means a commitment to a solution that supports a growing business over a long period of time, so this requires careful consideration of wait-and-see and choice. If an enterprise is wrong, it will often lead to a significant increase in development costs and reduce development flexibility, and this unfortunate result will be lasting. Through open source, to create industry application software products, beneficial to their own business, at the same time, perfect functions can be exported to form commercial-grade products.

Over the past decade, the trend for enterprises to adopt open source software has flourished as more and more enterprises find that open source solutions have considerable advantages to continue their proprietary functions. In addition, enterprises can also achieve sustainable development by building an independent and controllable ecology around open source. Open source software has long-term availability and has a longer life than proprietary software. Moreover, due to the continuous introduction of innovation by supportive communities, open source software has always been in the forefront of technological development, and quickly meet the needs of enterprises while promoting the future development of enterprises.

Ecological synergy pattern built by open source: ecology is not hard-built, but an ecosystem naturally formed by interdependence and cooperation, symbiosis and win-win results. This is the real ecology and long-term sustainable development ecology.

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