Shulou(Shulou.com)06/02 Report--

Horizontal technology how to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of C#, C++ and Java, in response to this problem, this article describes the corresponding analysis and solution in detail, hoping to help more small partners who want to solve this problem find a simpler and easier way.

Since the birth of C#, the debate between C#and Java has continued. Putting aside the conflict and quarrel between Microsoft and Sun, objectively speaking from the technical point of view, C#and Java are the traditional object-oriented programming in the component software era of innovation, can be said to be the same way. Although there is "90% overlap" between two languages, the other "10% competition" can often change the direction of a balance. This paper will give a purely technical evaluation of the two languages with 90% in common and 10% in difference. The article doesn't deal with companies, markets, etc. in both languages-although this often affects people's choice of programming language. Nor is it prepared to arrive at the question of who is whose Killer, whom the reader should choose. "language choice is an art, not a technology issue," the industry has long come to the conclusion that there is no need to say more.

Both C#and Java propose modern refinements to the difficult, obscure syntax and semantics of traditional C++. In terms of syntax, both abandon many flashy places in C++, such as const modifiers, macro substitutions, global variables and global functions. In inheritance aspect, both of them adopt the single-root inheritance and multi-interface implementation scheme which is easier to understand and construct. In terms of source code organization, both proposed better logical encapsulation of declaration and implementation. In terms of type systems, both languages propose concepts such as reflection on the basis of intermediate language IL or byte code, completely revolutionizing the traditional C++ runtime type discrimination problem. But while C++ was being revolutionized, C#was more conservative, retaining many of the good features of C++, such as lightweight struct types based on stack allocation, enumeration types, references (ref), outputs (out), array (params) modifier parameter passing, etc., which were unfortunately lost in Java. C#'s box/unbox is smarter and more efficient than Java's wrapper classes in terms of type unification between primitive types and single-root inherited objects.

For C++ unsafe pointer and memory allocation, C#and Java have proposed managed execution environments. Efficiency issues have long been a criticism of managed execution environments, and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) interpreted execution style used to make many developers "intolerably slow." C#'s JIT compilation has earned C#praise on this battlefield, and some C#managed code is even faster than traditional C++ code. Although Java platforms implemented by various vendors have consistently adopted JIT compilation mode, C#has obvious comparative advantages in this respect-C#'s target compilation language IL has placed efficiency in an important position from the beginning of design, while Java's byte code design is somewhat reckless. Managed execution environments After several years of practice, there is a consensus in the modern software world that the sacrifice of efficiency is highly secure code-provided, of course, that the sacrifice of efficiency is small enough to be tolerated. It's worth pointing out that C#is also "obsessed with older C++ programmers" here, allowing us to do pointer operations in the unsafe context. Array indexing is out-of-bounds checking, and type safety is raised to a considerable level in both C#and Java. In exception handling, C#is slightly better than Java, both in terms of built-in support and execution efficiency.

"Programming once, executing in many places" has always been a demand of programming, especially in the modern Internet era. Cross-platform Java support and implementation are commendable, although JVM speed is still a headache. C#, though fully considered for portability in terms of underlying architecture, has no mature, proven product at least yet. C#seems to be more interested in XML Web Services interoperability than in cross-platform programming. However, C#greatly enhanced its technical status through its object-level interoperability support for more than 20 mainstream languages through its base language construct (CLI). C#also earns points for interoperating cheaply with COM components--maintaining a compatible architecture is important to the modern software industry, and it's also responsible to developers at large.

Component orientation is undoubtedly the mainstream of contemporary software development. C#is even "obsessed" with component programming, which is not the same as Java, which debuted six years ago-of course, this is a matter of time. C#implements its support for component programming through attributes, indexers, delegates, events, operator overloading, characteristics, versions, etc. Although this can be done indirectly in Java through methods, interfaces, or adapters, the history of the software industry tells us that this is a great detriment to both programming efficiency and logic design--high-level languages are first and foremost for people, not machines. In addition to these language-level component support mechanisms, the. NET platform also provides a package solution for component configuration, operation, management, etc., and Visual Studio. NET tailored for component development is even more exciting, which opens up a broad world for C#component programming. Java's weak weaknesses in other technologies can be ignored, but Java has incurable weaknesses compared to C#in component programming. Especially for developers from C++ and Visual Basic backgrounds, C#has irresistible charm and temptation in this regard.

Given XML Web Services 'place in the next generation of enterprise distributed computing, it is necessary to have a simple accounting for both languages in this regard. In terms of XML Web Services operations, the. NET platform's built-in XML support directly in the IL intermediate language makes C#inherently the next generation of Web services preferred over Java, which supports Web services through an API set. In C#, XML, SOAP, UDDI, WSDL and other underlying protocols are built into developer-oriented components, while in Java these are still operating functions of underlying protocols such as JAX(Java XML API). Of course, this situation may only be a matter of time, and a strong and efficient Web Services component model is not an insurmountable gap for Java.

Microsoft has also made an admirable move toward language standardization that is unprecedented. At present, C#and. NET platform infrastructure has been submitted to the European Computer Manufacturers Association ECMA, after standardization, C#will be implemented by any manufacturer on any platform, its development tools and supporting software, which provides a strong driving force for the development of C#. Java, however, has moved in this direction-JCP (Java Community Process), but it is undoubtedly only quasi-standardized. Having a standardized language like C++ in the age of component-based software is very important to the software community, especially to developers.

Of course, the comprehensive technical evaluation of the two languages is not just a simple comparison of the above points, its back-end platform (C#for. NET, Java for J2EE), its programming framework support, the implementation of language-related tools, existing system foundation and so on have a considerable impact on the development of programming languages. From a purely technical point of view, C#is undoubtedly more competitive than Java. There is no point in arguing about who copied who-the development of technology is a process of mutual learning.

About horizontal technology how to analyze C#, C++ and Java pros and cons of the answer to the question shared here, I hope the above content can be of some help to everyone, if you still have a lot of doubts not solved, you can pay attention to the industry information channel to learn more related knowledge.

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