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This article mainly explains "what is the opening and closing principle in object-oriented". The content of the explanation in this article is simple and clear, and it is easy to learn and understand. let's study and learn "what is the opening and closing principle in object-oriented"?

Definition of opening and closing principle

The opening and closing principle is Open Closed Principle in English and can be abbreviated as OCP, which was put forward by Bertrand Meyer in his 1988 book object-oriented Software Construction (Object Oriented Software Construction). Principle of opening and closing: software entities should be open to extensions and Software entities should be open for extension,but closed for modification to modifications. The software entity here consists of the following parts:

Modules divided in the project

Class and interface

The meaning of the method opening and closing principle is that when the requirements of the application change, the function of the module can be extended to meet the new requirements without modifying the source code or binary code of the software entity.

The function of the principle of opening and closing

The opening and closing principle is the ultimate goal of object-oriented programming, which makes software entities have certain adaptability and flexibility, as well as stability and continuity. Specifically, its functions are as follows.

Impact on software testing: if the software abides by the open-closed principle, the software testing only needs to test the extended code, because the original test code can still run normally.

It can improve the reusability of code: the smaller the granularity is, the more likely it is to be reused; in object-oriented programming, atomic and abstract programming can improve the reusability of code.

It can improve the maintainability of the software: the software that abides by the open-closed principle has high stability and strong continuity, so it is easy to expand and maintain.

The realization method of opening and closing principle

The opening and closing principle can be realized by "abstract constraints and encapsulating changes", that is, a relatively stable abstraction layer for software entities is defined through interfaces or abstract classes, and the same variables are encapsulated in the same concrete implementation class.

Because the abstraction has good flexibility and wide adaptability, as long as the abstraction is reasonable, it can basically maintain the stability of the software architecture. The changeable details in the software can be extended from the implementation class derived from the abstract. when the software needs to change, it only needs to derive an implementation class according to the requirements to expand it.

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