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This article mainly introduces "how to use checkout in git". In daily operation, I believe many people have doubts about how to use checkout in git. The editor consulted all kinds of materials and sorted out simple and easy-to-use operation methods. I hope it will be helpful for you to answer the doubts about "how to use checkout in git". Next, please follow the editor to study!

In git, checkout means "check out". This command is used to switch branches or restore working tree files. The syntax is "git checkout branchName" or "git checkout parameter option branch".

This article operating environment: Windows10 system, Git2.30.0 version, Dell G3 computer.

What is the use of checkout in git

Checkout is one of the most commonly used commands in git, and your proficiency in using it directly determines your proficiency in understanding and mastering git, so we have reason to summarize this command.

1. Basics

The most common use of checkout is to switch between work branches:

Git checkout branchName

This command switches the current working branch to branchName. In addition, you can switch branches while a new branch is created with the following command:

Git checkout-b newBranch

This command is equivalent to the execution of the following two commands:

1. Git branch newBranch 2. Git checkout newBranch

The complete body of the order is:

Git checkout-b |-B []

One application scenario for this command is: when we have just clone a project from git, we can view the branches of the project

As you can see, after cloning, only one local branch of master is created by default, and the rest are remote branches. What should we do if we want to switch to the remote branch of newBranch? There are many ways to do this. Let's briefly introduce two:

Method 1: use git checkout-b

Git checkout-b newBranch origin/newBranch

Method 2: use git branch []

Git branch newBranch origin/newBranchgit checkout newBranch

Method one is actually a simplified version of method two.

two。 In-depth

To learn more about checkout, we need to understand how checkout works. The main associated target of this command is actually the HEAD file under the .git folder. We can view the .git folder under the project:

The HEAD file under this folder records the information of the current HEAD, and continue to view the HEAD file:

You can see that the current HEAD file points to the master file under the refs/heads path, which records the most recent commit id of the master branch, indicating that the current HEAD points to the master branch. If we switch the current branch to the newBranch branch, let's look at the HEAD file:

You can see that the contents of the HEAD file point to the newBranch branch

3. Expansion

Usage 1:

Git checkout [] [-]

This command is mainly used to check out a specified file.

If you do not fill in commit id, the file is checked out from the staging area by default, and if the staging area is empty, the file is rolled back to the most recent commit state.

For example:

When the staging area is empty, if we want to discard changes to a file, we can undo it with this command:

Git checkout [-]

If you fill in commit id (either commit hash, branch name or tag, which is essentially commit hash), the file is checked out from the specified commit hash. Used to restore a file to a commit state.

Usage 2:

Git checkout-b []

This command is an extension of the common usage of checkout mentioned at the beginning of the article. We can specify a branch or a commit to create a new branch, and switch to that branch, which is equivalent to the execution result of the following two commands:

1. Git branch [] 2. Git checkout at this point, the study on "how to use checkout in git" is over. I hope I can solve your doubts. The collocation of theory and practice can better help you learn, go and try it! If you want to continue to learn more related knowledge, please continue to follow the website, the editor will continue to work hard to bring you more practical articles!

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