Shulou(Shulou.com)06/01 Report--

What are the commonly used network management tools and describe how to use them in the form of examples.

Ifconfig command

# ifconfig-a

# ifconfig INTERFACE [up | down]

Ifconfiginterface [aftype] options | address...

# ifconfig INTERFACE IP/mask [up]

# ifconfig INTERFACE IP netmask MASK

Route command

View: route-n

Add: route add

Routeadd [- net |-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw Gw] [[dev] If]

Add:

Route add [- net |-host] target [netmask Nm] [gw GW] [[dev] If]

Example: route add-net 10.0.0.0 gw 8 gw 192.168.10.1 dev eth2

Route add-net 0.0.0.0amp 0.0.0.0 gw192.168.10.1

Route add default gw 192.168.10.1

Delete:

Route del [- net |-host] target [gw Gw] [netmask Nm] [[dev] If]

Example: route del-net 10.0.0.0 gw 8 gw 192.168.10.1

Route del default

Netstat command

Printnetwork connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masqueradeconnections, and multicast memberships

Show routing table: netstat-rn

-r: displays the kernel routing table

-n: numeric format

Show network connections:

Netstat [--tcp |-t] [--udp |-- udplite |-U] [--sctp |-S] [--raw |-w] [--listening |-l] [--all |-a] [--numeric |-n] [--extend |-e [--extend |-e] [--program |-p]

-t:TCP protocol related connections, all connections have their own status; FSM (Finate State Machine)

-u:UDP related connections

-w:raw socket related connections

-l: a connection in the listening state

-a: all statu

-n: display IP and Port in digital format

-e: extended format

-p: displays related processes and PID

Common combinations:

-tan,-uan,-tnl,-unl,-tunlp

Transport layer protocols:

Tcp: a connection-oriented protocol; establish a virtual link before the communication starts, and dismantle the connection after the communication is completed

Udp: connectionless protocol; sending data messages directly

Displays the statistics of the interface:

Netstat {- interfaces |-I |-I} [iface] [--all |-a] [--extend |-e] [--verbose |-v] [--program |-p] [--numeric |-n]

All interfaces:

Netstat-I

Specify the interface:

Netstat-I

Ip command

Show/ manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels

Ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND | help}

OBJECT:= {link | addr | route | netns}

Note: OBJECT can be abbreviated, and so can the subcommands of each OBJECT.

Ip OBJECT:

Iplink: network device configuration

Ip link set-change device attributes

DevNAME (default): indicates the device to be managed. The dev keyword can be omitted.

Up and down:

Multicaston or multicast off: enable or disable multicast featur

NameNAME: rename interfac

MtuNUMBER: sets the size of MTU. Default is 1500.

NetnsPID:ns is namespace and is used to move the interface to the specified network namespace

Ip link show-display device attributes

Ip link help-displays brief usage help

Ip netns:-manage network namespaces.

Ip netns list: list all netns

Ip netns add NAME: creates the specified netns

Ip netns del NAME: deletes the specified netns

Ip netns exec NAME COMMAND: runs the command in the specified netns

Ipaddress-protocol address management.

Ipaddress add-add new protocol address

Ip addr add IFADDR dev IFACE

[labelNAME]: indicates the interface alias for the additional address

[broadcastADDRESS]: broadcast address; will be calculated automatically based on IP and NETMASK

[scopeSCOPE_VALUE]:

Global: globally available

Link: API is available

Host: only available locally

Ipaddress delete-delete protocol address

Ipaddr delete IFADDR dev IFACE

Ipaddress show-look at protocol addresses

Ip addr list [IFACE]: displays the address of the interface

Ipaddress flush-flush protocol addresses

Ip addr flush dev IFACE

Ip route command

Iproute-routing table management

Iproute add-add new route

Iproute change-change route

Iproute replace-change or add new one

Ip route add TYPE PREFIX via GW [dev IFACE] [src SOURCE_IP]

Example:

# ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via10.0.0.1 dev eth2 src 10.0.20.100

# ip route add default via GW

Iproute delete-delete route

Ip route del TYPE PRIFIX

Example:

# ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24

Iproute show-list routes

TYPEPRIFIX

Iproute flush-flush routing tables

TYPE PRIFIX

Iproute get-get a single route

Ip route get TYPE PRIFIX

Example: iproute get 192.168.0.0Comp24

Ss command:

Ss [options] [FILTER]

Options:

-related connections of t:TCP protocol

-u:UDP related connections

-w:raw socket related connections

-l: connection for listening statu

-a: connections for all statu

-n: numeric format

-p: related programs and their PID

-e: extended format information

-m: memory usage

-o: timer information

FILTER:= [state TCP-STATE] [EXPRESSION]

Common status of TCP:

TCPFSM:

LISTEN: monitoring

ESTABLISEHD: established connection

FIN_WAIT_1:

FIN_WAIT_2:

SYN_SENT:

SYN_RECV:

CLOSED:

EXPRESSION:

Dport=

Sport=

Example:'(dport =: 22 or sport =: 22)'

~] # ss-tan'(dport =: 22 or sport =: 22)'

~] # ss-tan state ESTABLISHED

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